Jesus And The World Religions By J. A. Di Noia

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Jesus and the World Religions

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J. A. Di Noia

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Copyright (c) 1995 First Things 54 (June/July 1995): 24-28.

Golden Rule (Do Unto Others) by Norman Rockwell

Is Jesus Christ the unique mediator of salvation?

I was one of five panelists assigned to address this question at a recent meeting of Catholic theologians. I was the first to speak and, as it turned out, the only panelist prepared to advance an unqualified affirmative response to the question.

Why is this? Why would a group of Catholic theologians decline to affirm what, until recently, would have been considered an unquestionable tenet of ecumenical Christian faith?

As the session unfolded, it became clear that their reluctance to do so was motivated at least in part by a desire to avoid giving offense to religious people of other traditions. The underlying premise of their remarks and of the ensuing discussion seemed to be this: To ascribe a uniquely salvific role to Jesus Christ would constitute a denial of the salvific role of other religious founders (like the Buddha and Muhammad) and thus would be an affront to their communities.

The way that many theologians think about this issue has been influenced by the pluralist theology of religions popularized by John Hick, Paul Knitter, and others. Indeed, Paul Knitter was one of the panelists at the session mentioned above. In a nutshell, pluralists claim that in one way or another all religions aim at salvation. In John Hick's influential definition, salvation is the movement from self-centeredness to "Reality-centeredness." Since, according to pluralists, ultimate Reality is incomprehensible and ineffable, no one religious description can claim primacy over rival descriptions, and no tradition can claim exclusive rights to the means of salvation.

In the pluralist perspective, therefore, each religious founder must be regarded as in some sense a savior. Exclusive or unique status with respect to the knowledge of, provision for, or access to, salvation can no more be claimed for Jesus of Nazareth than it can be claimed for Gautama the Buddha or for Muhammad. Naturally, pluralists do not deny that these founders were unique historical personalities. What they deny is that any one of them could provide a uniquely privileged or exclusive access to salvation.

It follows for pluralists that Christian theologians cannot give a simple affirmative answer to the question, Is Jesus Christ the unique mediator of salvation? On the basis of their study of religious traditions, pluralist philosophers and theologians contend that salvation, though diversely mediated, is nonetheless universally accessible. It is not just in order to avoid giving offense to other religious people that pluralists have championed this view. Pluralists argue on empirical and philosophical grounds that a soteriological structure underlies all religious traditions and thus variously orients their adherents to "Reality" as it is diversely figured in these traditions. Only in this way can Christian theologians affirm the universality of salvation and of religious truth, at least as possibilities, without giving offense to other religious people.

To be sure, pluralists are not the only theologians who have been concerned with the salvation of persons who are not Christians. According to the typology prevailing in current theology of religions, the chief alternative positions on this issue are represented by exclusivism and inclusivism. In contrast to pluralists, both exclusivists and inclusivists would have no difficulty in giving an affirmative answer to the question, Is Jesus Christ the unique mediator of salvation? For all their sharp differences, exclusivists and inclusivists concur in their avowal of the uniquely salvific role of Christ. But exclusivists deny the possibility of salvation for non- Christians who do not before death explicitly profess faith in Christ. Inclusivists, on the other hand, allow for the possibility of salvation chiefly on the grounds of some form of implicit faith in Christ, combined with a morally upright life, on the part of non-Christians.

The Christian concern not to give offense to other religious people is a praiseworthy one, while the concern to allow for the possibility of their salvation is a doctrinally crucial one. But suppose that, far from being an affront to other religious traditions, a strong Christian affirmation of the uniqueness of Christ's salvific role were fundamental to traditional Christian universalism. Suppose, in other words, that the particularity of salvation in Christ were nonexclusive. Suppose, further, that an affirmation of this nonexclusive particularity of salvation in Christ were not an obstacle to but a condition for genuine respect for other religious people.

This position, which I have long argued for, rests not only on central Christian doctrines but also on the suggestion that "salvation" is not a term that encompasses what all religions seek, but is a properly Christian designation for that which should be sought above all else in life. Salvation has a distinctively Christian content: transformation in Christ with a view to ultimate communion with the triune God. Even where other religious communities employ the term "salvation," their conceptions of the aim of life differ from one another and from that espoused by Christian communities. By framing the agenda of theology of religions primarily in terms of the possibility of extra-Christian salvation, pluralists and inclusivists often fail to give enough weight to the specificity and distinctiveness of religious aims. Inclusivists fail to notice their distinctiveness because they tend to reinterpret non-Christian patterns and aims in Christian terms. More at the center of attention here, however, are pluralists who make salvation an all- encompassing designation for the variety of aims that religious traditions espouse and commend.

If the issues at stake were framed differently, it might turn out that to affirm Christ's unique role in salvation is not to exclude persons who are not Christians but to embrace them. In other words, it might turn out that we could give a strong affirmative answer to the question, Is Jesus Christ the unique mediator of salvation? and still both show respect for other religious people and include them in the final consummation of all things for which we have reason, only in Christ, to hope.

In order to reframe these issues, and at the same time to identify what seems to be the weakness especially of typical pluralist approaches to them, let us engage in an experiment. Let us compare the question, Is Jesus Christ the unique mediator of salvation? with the question, Is the Buddha the unique revealer of the Dharma?

Suppose that I pose this second question to a Buddhist friend. Along with most other Buddhists, she will answer it affirmatively. The Dharma comprises all that concerns Nirvana and its attainment. Even though Buddhists commonly insist that knowledge of the Dharma is in principle accessible to anyone, still they regard Gautama's discovery and teaching of the Dharma as unique in this era.

Consider how the conversation might proceed at this point. If my Buddhist friend should caution me that I will never attain Nirvana by following the course of life laid out for me by the Christian community, I do not feel anxious about this. I have not been persuaded that seeking Nirvana is what I should be doing. If I did begin to be persuaded of this, then I should undertake to discover the path and try to make my way along it. I would, in other words, have begun to be a follower of the Buddha. I might even then join a Buddhist community, or at least become an inquirer. Some Catholics I know have done this very thing. But if I continue to be convinced that it is salvation that I should be seeking and that Christ is the unique mediator of this salvation, then I would continue on the Christian path.

One thing to notice about this hypothetical encounter between me and my Buddhist friend is that I have not felt affronted by her warning that I shall not attain Nirvana unless I follow the Excellent Eightfold Path taught uniquely by the Buddha. On the contrary, my initial reaction is that what she has said to me makes perfect sense. If the Excellent Eightfold Path is the way to Nirvana, and if I do not choose to pursue this path, then it follows that I may not reach Nirvana. But, since I have as yet no desire to attain and enjoy Nirvana, I am not offended by this reasoning. I have not been persuaded that Nirvana is what I should be seeking.

Without trying to field a "definition" of religion-something that has proven notoriously difficult to do-we could say that the Christian community and the Buddhist community (with their various subcommunities) each seems to have some conception of an ultimate aim of life and has developed a pattern of life geared toward attaining it. Other major religious communities share this tendency as well. What is ultimate, whether it be a transcendent agent or an as yet unrealized state of being, invades life at every moment, and summons the community's members to order and shape their lives in view of this aim. The world's religious communities differ in their descriptions of the aims that are ultimate in this sense (e.g., the extinction of the self or communion with the triune God) as well as in their provision for the cultivation of patterns of life ordered to the attainment and enjoyment of such aims (e.g., the Dharma or the gospel). But they seem to agree in espousing and commending comprehensive aims of life, and in striving to shape the lives of their members with a view to those aims.

We can now formulate a preliminary result of the consideration of the hypothetical conversation between me and my Buddhist friend. If the assertion "The Buddha is the unique revealer of the Dharma" is not offensive to me, then why should the assertion "Jesus Christ is the unique mediator of salvation" be offensive to Buddhists, or, for that matter, to Muslims, Vedantists, or Jews? A rabbi once said to me, revealingly: "Jesus Christ is the answer to a question I have never asked." This remark suggests that we might be on the right track in our reflections. Salvation in the Christian sense, it implies, is not what the rabbi is seeking. Asking the question to which Jesus Christ is the answer commits oneself to an inquiry (logically speaking) that may lead to the adoption of a Christian way of life. At least in part, this will mean that what Christians aim for, as expressed by the umbrella term "salvation," has begun to look appealing or even ultimately important. One might conclude: This is what I should be aiming for in my life. But what would this be?

When Christians try to answer this question, we find ourselves becoming quite specific. When we try to say what comprises salvation, we find ourselves talking about the triune God; the incarnation, passion, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ; grace, sin, and justification; transfiguration and divinization; faith, hope, and charity; the commandments and the moral virtues; and many other characteristically Christian things as well. We should not be surprised if, in trying to answer a cognate question, a member of another religious community, say a Buddhist, should also become very specific about Nirvana and all that bears on its attainment. We should not be surprised, furthermore, if the descriptions of salvation and Nirvana do not coincide. But, for the moment, let us continue the experiment by sketching some of the things that a Christian description of salvation might have to include.

Allowing for variations across its various subcommunities, we can understand the ecumenical Christian community to teach that the ultimate aim of life is a communion of life-a communion of life with the Father, through the Son, and in the Holy Spirit. According to ecumenical Christian faith, this is a truth proclaimed by Christ and a destiny made possible for us by his passion, death, and resurrection. This is what Christians mean by salvation: the term embraces both the goal of ultimate communion and the empowerment to attain and enjoy it.

Human beings are called to nothing less than communion with the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, and with each other in them. Indeed, Christianity affirms that the triune God could not bring about a more intimate union with created persons than that which has already been initiated in baptism and will be fulfilled for us in Christ. Ultimate communion involves nothing less than becoming part of the trinitarian family. The principle and agent of this communion for us is Christ. Just as Christ is Son by nature-a member of the divine family of the Trinity in virtue of his being the Son of the Father-so human persons are to be sons and daughters by adoption. Our fellowship with Christ and with each other in him brings us into the divine trinitarian family.

But if we are destined to enjoy this ultimate communion, then we must change. We must become fit for it. Interpersonal communion with God is only "natural" to uncreated persons; for created persons, who are also sinners, such communion is possible only through justification and grace. Through the redeeming grace of Christ and, specifically, through the transformation that this grace makes possible, we are rendered "fit" participants in the communion of the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. Our transformation will be a conformation: the more we become like Christ, the more surely do we discover our true selves, the unique persons created by the triune God to share in the divine life and to enjoy the personal life of the Trinity. As Catholics pray in one of the Sunday prefaces, "Father . . . You sent him as one like ourselves, though free from sin, that you might see and love in us what you see and love in him."

However, this conformation does not amount to a mere conformity. The conformation to Christ that is the principle of our transformation is not a mere cloning but the realization of our distinctive and unique personal identities. This must be so, for otherwise the communion to which this transformation is directed could not be consummated. The image of God in us consists precisely in the spiritual capacities for knowing and loving that make interpersonal communion possible. But authentic interpersonal communion presupposes the full realization of the individual persons who enter into it. Thus, if Christ is to be the principle and pattern of our transformation, in being conformed to him we must each discover and realize our own unique identities as persons, and be healed of the sinful dispositions that obstruct the flourishing of our true selves.

This is the force of the astonishing saying of Christ:

If a man wants to be my disciple, let him deny himself and take up his cross and follow me. For whoever wants to save his life will lose it, and whoever loses his life for my sake will find it. For what will it profit a man if he gains the whole world but loses his life? Or what will he give in return for his life? (Matthew 16:24-26)

None of us, whether as teachers, parents, or pastors-no matter how inflated our conceptions of ourselves or how confident our sense of our abilities-would ever dare to say to anybody in our charge that they will find their true selves by imitating us. In effect, Christ asserts that an indefinite number of human persons will find their distinctive identities by being conformed to Christ. A moment's reflection shows us that only the Son of God could make such an assertion. No mere human could do so. Only the inexhaustibly rich perfect Image of God who is the Person of the Son in a human nature could constitute the principle and pattern for the transformation and fulfillment of every human person who has ever lived.

When Christians affirm that Jesus Christ is the unique mediator of salvation, something like the above can stand as a summary of what they mean. Leave aside for a moment the question whether such a description includes or excludes persons who are not Christians. What we need to consider first, as we continue to reflect on my hypothetical conversation with a Buddhist friend, is whether such a description of what Christians mean by salvation is offensive to persons who are not Christians-Buddhists, for example. Informed of what a Christian means by salvation, would there be reason for a Buddhist to feel excluded by the assertion that Jesus Christ is the unique mediator of salvation?

We have seen that salvation has a specific content for Christians: It entails an interpersonal communion, made possible by Christ, between human persons and the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. At least at first sight, this seems to be something very different from what Buddhists can be supposed to be seeking when they follow the Excellent Eightfold Path that leads them on the way to realizing enlightenment and the extinction of self in Nirvana. At least on the face of things, what Buddhists mean by "Nirvana" and what Christians mean by "salvation" do not seem to coincide. This does not mean that they are opposed; it remains to be seen whether seeking salvation and seeking Nirvana are complementary to each other or related in some as yet unspecified manner. However, it seems clear that interpersonal communion is a very different thing from the extinction of the self entailed in Nirvana. Many forms of Buddhism are concerned to cultivate dispositions that increasingly unmask the illusoriness of personal identity. As noted above, however, Christians understand personal identity to be of permanent, indeed eternal, significance because eternity centrally involves interpersonal communion.

Let us return to my hypothetical conversation with a Buddhist friend. We left the conversation at the point when she cautioned me that I would not reach Nirvana unless I followed the Excellent Eightfold Path. But this warning was not disturbing to me, for I do not want to attain Nirvana. Suppose that when the conversation resumes I offer a description of what Christians mean by salvation, a description not unlike the one presented above. Would we be surprised to find that my Buddhist friend wants no part of this? It is difficult for us to understand and accept that what we regard as most important-more so than anything else, absolutely speaking-other religious people challenge or repudiate. Buddhist communities in all their variety possess highly ramified teachings about the true aim of life and about the means to attain it. These teachings do not, at least on the surface, coincide with what Christians teach about these matters. Buddhists do not want ultimate communion; they do not seek it, and, insofar as they think about it, they may regard us as misguided for wanting and seeking it. For, by wanting and seeking ultimate communion, we remain, from a Buddhist point of view, incorrigibly attached to the very conceptions of personal identity that constitute the chief obstacle on the way to Nirvana.

Gautama the Buddha is the authority on these matters. He discovered and taught the Dharma, and through it attained enlightenment. His role in revealing the Dharma to others is regarded by most of his followers as something original, at least in the pres-ent epoch. Hence, while it makes good sense for Buddhists to affirm that the Buddha is the unique revealer of the Dharma, it makes little sense for them to be offended when Christians describe Jesus Christ as the unique mediator of salvation. Buddhists regard Christian beliefs about this as misguided and perhaps only partially true, but they will not be anxious or offended by such a Christian affirmation. They are not interested in seeking and attaining salvation as Christians understand it.

To be sure, some people-pluralists in particular-want to define "salvation" so broadly that it includes both what Christians mean by it and what Buddhists mean by Nirvana. On this account of things, my hypothetical encounter with a Buddhist friend would not present either of us with a choice between seeking Nirvana and seeking salvation. Some would say that to think that there is a serious choice here is, religiously speaking, overly literalistic and even simpleminded. Indeed, pluralists contend, precisely at this juncture the superiority of pluralist theology of religions is displayed. Pluralists argue that all religious communities advance their members toward specific aims- communion or enlightenment, as the case may be-that are surpassed or transcended by a more ultimate, but indescribable, aim. All religious communities seek this yet more ultimate aim with varying degrees of clarity and success. Not only is this conception closer to the truth of the matter, it also provides the basis for the sympathetic understanding, fruitful dialogue, and mutual respect that are desperately needed today.

In fact, however, this basic premise of pluralist theology of religions will not stand up under close scrutiny. Even if religious communities were prepared to accept some such description of what they are about it still remains true that they espouse and commend specific aims that differ from one another. Furthermore, these specific aims call forth distinctive patterns of life in each of the major religious traditions and in local traditions as well. Certain kinds of life are understood to foster the enjoyment of certain kinds of ends of life, and others to obstruct this enjoyment. This seems to be an ineradicable feature of the characteristic discourse and ethos of most religious communities. Individual lives come to be shaped by the ultimate aims that are sought. So even if the true aim of life were one that transcended the particular aims of all religious traditions, no one could seek it. No one could undertake to order life in such a way as to attain and enjoy an ultimate aim of life of which no description could be given.

But this goes directly against the grain of characteristic religious affirmation and conviction. Religious people, by and large, believe themselves to be in possession of understandings, incomplete though they may be, of what is ultimately important in life and how to orient life in its direction. Significant disagreements obtain among the major and local religious traditions about these matters. Pluralist theology of religions does not so much explain these disagreements as explain them away. In this way, pluralism seems to offer a massive redescription, rather than an interpretation, of religious beliefs and practices, and of the arresting differences among them.

Thus the following statements are not problematic in the way that many people, like those I joined on the theological panel, seem to think. "Jesus Christ is the unique mediator of salvation" and "The Buddha is the unique revealer of the Dharma." Were representatives of Christian or Buddhist communities to retreat from advancing such claims, it is not clear what they would have to offer to the world. There would be no compelling, or even interesting, reasons to persevere in membership in these communities, or indeed to seek it.

The great challenge facing present-day Christian theology of religions and interreligious conversation is to avoid minimizing the distinctive features of the major religious traditions through a well-intentioned universalism. Christian confidence in the universal scope of salvation rests on convictions about the historical career and perduring agency of Jesus Christ. Only if his identity is affirmed in its fullness-in accord with the holy Scripture, the great councils, and the Church's liturgy-as the Son of God who became man and died for us can the hope of Christians for themselves and for others be sustained. "For in him all the fullness of God was pleased to dwell, and through him God was pleased to reconcile all things, whether on earth or in heaven, by making peace through the blood of his cross" (Colossians 1:19-20).

If the salvation that the triune God wills for the entire human race entails ultimate communion with the three persons, then the creaturely and sinful obstacles to this communion must be overcome. It has never been claimed that anyone but Jesus Christ could overcome these obstacles. Through him we are both healed and raised to an adoptive participation in the life of the Trinity. The obstacles to this participation are either overcome or not. If they are not overcome, then Christians have nothing for which to hope, for themselves or for others. In that case, they will hawk an empty universalism on the highways of the world. When Christians abandon the proclamation of Christ's unique mediatorship, they have no other mediatorship with which to replace it.

How persons who are not now explicit believers in Christ are to share in the salvation he alone makes possible is a large topic that I have not addressed here. But if Christians no longer confess Christ's unique mediatorship in making ultimate communion a real possibility for created persons, then the problem of how non-Christians can share in it is not resolved: it simply evaporates. True Christian universalism depends on the affirmation of the nonexclusive particularity of salvation in Jesus Christ.

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J. A. Di Noia, O.P., teaches at the Dominican House of Studies in Washington, D.C., and is author of The Diversity of Religions: A Christian Perspective. A slightly different version of this essay appears in Either/Or: The Gospel or Neopaganism, Carl E. Braaten and Robert W. Jenson, eds., just published by Eerdmans.

From Wikipedia: Joseph Augustine Di Noia OP (born July 10, 1943) is an American member of the Dominican Order who is a Roman Catholic archbishop and theologian. Since 2013 he has been Adjunct Secretary of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith. He has held several other positions in the Roman Curia since 2002.

Gospel of John 7 - SIL Exegetical Summary

 DISCOURSE UNIT—7:1–8:59 [BECNT , IVP , Kn , WBC ]. The topic is Jesus the water and the light of life [WBC ], the conflict intensifies [IVP ], Jesus at the Feast of Tabernacles [BECNT ], the temple discourse [Kn ].

DISCOURSE UNIT—7:1–52 [BECNT , NICNT1 , WBC ; REB ]. The topic is Jesus the water of life [WBC ], the life-giving Spirit [NICNT1 ], the first teaching cycle [BECNT ], the great controversy [REB ].

DISCOURSE UNIT—7:1–39 [NASB ]. The topic is Jesus teaches at the Feast.

DISCOURSE UNIT—7:1–13 [AB , BAR , CAR , EGT , IVP , Kn , Lns , NICNT2 , Rd , WBC ; NCV , NET , NIV , Ph ]. The topic is the Feast of Tabernacles [NET , NIV ], Jesus goes to the Feast [EGT , IVP , Kn , Lns ], Jesus goes to Jerusalem [BAR , CAR , NICNT2 , Rd , WBC ; Ph ], skepticism and uncertainty [CAR ], the unbelief of Jesus’ brothers [NCV ].

DISCOURSE UNIT—7:1–9 [BECNT , GNT , Kn , NICNT1 , TRT ; CEV , NLT , NRSV , TEV ]. The topic is Jesus’ brothers’ unbelief [BECNT , GNT , TRT ; CEV , NRSV ], Jesus and his brothers [Kn , NICNT1 ; NLT , TEV ].

7:1 And after these-things Jesus was-walking^a in Galilee, for he-was- not -wanting^b to-walk in Judea, because the Jews were-seeking^c to-kill him.

TEXT—Instead of ἤθελεν ‘he was wanting’ some manuscripts read εἶχεν ἐξουσίαν ‘he was having authority’. GNT reads ‘he was wanting’ with an A rating, indicating that the text is certain.

LEXICON—a. imperf. act. indic. of περιπατέω (LN 15.227) (BAGD 1.a. p. 649): ‘to walk, to go’ [LN ], ‘to go about, to walk around’ [BAGD ]. The phrase ‘περιπατέω ἐν ‘to walk in’ [NICNT2 ; KJV , NASB ] is also translated ‘to go about in’ [HTC , NTC , WBC ; NRSV ], ‘to go through’ [CEV ], ‘to go around in’ [NIV ], ‘to move about in’ [AB ; Ph ], ‘to travel in’ [TEV ], ‘to travel around’ [NCV , NJB , NLT ], ‘to travel around within’ REB ], ‘to travel throughout’ [NET ], ‘to continue to sojourn’ [Gdt ], ‘to go’ [LN ]. This verb means to walk along or around [LN ]. This verb was used to describe the movement of an itinerant evangelist [Gdt ], or rabbi [ICC , NICNT1 ], or teacher with his disciples [EGT ]. The imperfect tense indicates that this was Jesus’ customary action [BAR , TH ]. It indicates a continuous movement in Galilee [CAR , Lns ].

b. imperf. act. indic. of θέλω (LN 25.1) (BAGD 2. p. 355): ‘to want’ [BAGD , LN ; NLT , TEV ], ‘to wish’ [BAGD , LN , NTC , WBC ; NRSV ], ‘to will’ [BAGD , Gdt , HTC ; KJV , NASB ], ‘to decide’ [AB ; CEV , Ph , REB ], ‘to choose’ [NICNT2 ], ‘to be able’ [NJB ], ‘to desire’ [LN ], ‘to be ready’ [BAGD ], not explicit [NET ]. The statement ἤθελεν ἐν τῇ Ἰουδαίᾳ περιπατεῖν ‘he was not wanting to walk in Judea’ is translated ‘he was unwilling to walk in Judea’ [NASB ], ‘he would not walk in Jewry’ [KJV ], ‘he decided not to travel in Judea’ [AB ], ‘he decided to p 341 leave Judea’ [CEV ], ‘he decided not to do so’ [Ph ], ‘he decided to avoid Judea’ [REB ], ‘purposely staying away from Judea’ [NIV ], ‘he stayed out of Judea’ [NET ]. It means to desire to have or experience something [LN ]. The imperfect tense indicates a fixed policy of Jesus rather than a decision of the moment [NICNT2 ].

c. imperf. act. indic. of ζητέω (LN 68.60) (BAGD 2.b.γ. p. 339): ‘to seek’ [Gdt , HTC , LN , NICNT2 , NTC , WBC ; KJV , NASB , NJB ], ‘to want’ [CEV , NCV , NET , TEV ], ‘to look for a chance’ [AB ; REB ], ‘to look for an opportunity’ [NRSV ], ‘to plot’ [NLT ], ‘to plan’ [Ph ], ‘to wait to’ [NIV ], ‘to try’ [LN ], ‘to strive for, to aim at, to desire, to wish’ [BAGD ]. This verb means to seek to do something, but without success [LN ]. This is the second reference to the plot to kill Jesus which was first mentioned in 5:18 [NTC ]. The imperfect tense indicates that they kept on seeking [NICNT1 ].

QUESTION—To whom does the phrase οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι ‘the Jews’ refer?

It probably refers to the Jewish authorities in Jerusalem [AB , CAR , CH , Lns , NICNT2 , Rd , TRT ; CEV , NET , NLT , TEV ] since only they had sufficient authority to have Jesus’ executed [AB ].

7:2 Now/but^a the festival of-the Jews the (Festival of) Tabernacle(s)^b was near.^c

LEXICON—a. δέ (LN 89.94, 89.124): ‘now’ [HTC , NTC , WBC ; KJV , NASB , NET , NRSV ], ‘but’ [Gdt , LN (89.124), NICNT2 ; NIV , NLT , REB ], ‘however’ [AB ], ‘and’ [LN (89.94)], not explicit [CEV , NCV , NJB , Ph , TEV ]. This conjunction indicates an additive [LN (89.94)] or a contrastive relation [LN (89.124)].

b. σκηνοπηγία (LN 51.10) (BAGD p. 754): ‘tabernacles’ [AB , BAGD , Gdt , HTC , LN , NTC , WBC ; KJV , NET , NIV , Ph , REB ], ‘shelters’ [CEV , NCV , NJB , NLT , TEV ], ‘tents’ [BAGD , LN , NICNT2 ], ‘booths’ [BAGD ; NASB , NRSV ]. This noun denotes a Jewish festival commemorating God’s provision during the wanderings in the wilderness [LN ]. The phrase ἡ σκηνοπηγία ‘the (Festival of) Tabernacles’ (‘the celebration of the tents’) is translated ‘the feast of Tabernacles/tabernacles’ [AB , HTC , NTC , WBC ; KJV , NET , NIV , Ph , REB ], ‘the Festival/Feast of Shelters’ [CEV , NCV , NJB , NLT , TEV ], ‘the Jewish Festival of the Tents’ [LN ], ‘the Tent festival’ [NICNT2 ], ‘the festival/Feast of Booths’ [NASB , NRSV ]. This noun denotes ‘the building of tents’ or ‘booths’, and was used as a name for the ‘Festival of Booths’ or ‘Tabernacles’. It was a festival celebrated in the month of Tishri 15–21 (roughly October), out of doors when possible in booths made from the branches of trees. Josephus declares that it is the most important Jewish festival [BAGD ]. This festival commemorated the forty years during which the Jews lived in tents in the wilderness. In the festival they constructed shelters of leafy branches outside on rooftops, on the streets, in the city squares or on the roadsides [Gdt ]. This festival celebrated harvest and occurred six months p 342 after the Passover [NICNT2 ]. It lasted seven days during which the people lived in the huts they had constructed (Leviticus 23:33–36, 39–43; Deuteronomy 16:13–15) [BAR ].

c. ἐγγύς (LN 67.61) (BAGD 2.a. p. 214): ‘near’ [AB , BAGD , LN , WBC ; NASB , NET , NIV , NRSV , TEV ], ‘at hand’ [Gdt , HTC ; KJV ], ‘close at hand’ [REB ]. The phrase ἦν ἐγγύς ‘was near’ is translated ‘(the … feast) … drew near’ [NTC ; NJB ], ‘(the feast) … was approaching’ [Ph ], ‘it was almost time’ [CEV ], ‘(soon) it was time’ [NCV , NLT ]. This adverb describes a point of time subsequent to another point of time, but relatively close [LN ].

QUESTION—What relationship is indicated by the conjunction δέ ‘now/but’?

1. It indicates a transitional relationship [HTC , NTC , WBC ; KJV , NASB , NET , NRSV ]: now.

2. It indicates a contrastive relationship [EGT , Gdt , NICNT2 ; NIV , NLT , REB ]: but. This indicates a contrast between Jesus’ purpose to remain in Galilee and the need to attend the Feast of Tabernacles [EGT ]. All devout Jews were expected to be in attendance at this festival (Deuteronomy 16:16) [NICNT2 ].

7:3 Then his brothers said to him, “Depart^a from-here and go to Judea, so-that also your disciples will-see your works^b that you-do.”

LEXICON—a. aorist act. impera. of μεταβαίνω (LN 15.2) (BAGD 1.a.α. p. 510): ‘to depart’ [Gdt , LN ; KJV ], ‘to leave’ [all translations except Gdt ; CEV , KJV ], ‘to move from one place to another, to change one’s location’ [LN ] not explicit [CEV ]. This verb means to effect a change of location in space with the implication that the two locations are significantly different [LN ].

b. ἔργον (LN 42.11) (BAGD 1.c.α. p. 308): ‘work’ [AB , BAGD , Gdt , HTC , NICNT2 , NTC , WBC ; KJV , NASB , NJB , NRSV ], ‘miracle’ [BAGD ; NCV , NET , NLT , NIV ], ‘great thing’ [REB ], ‘thing’ [TEV ], ‘deed’ [BAGD , LN ], ‘accomplishment’ [BAGD ], ‘act ’ [LN ]. This noun is also translated as a relative pronoun: ‘what (you are doing)’ [CEV , Ph ]. This noun denotes that which is done, with a possible focus on the energy or effort involved [LN ]. It refers to the deeds of God and Jesus [BAGD ], and specifically to the miracles [AB , BAGD , CH , Rd , TH , WBC ], or his Messianic actions [Gdt ]. Jesus’ works are his miracles and everything else that the Father sent Jesus to do [NICNT2 ].

QUESTION—Who are the brothers of Jesus?

They are Jesus’ younger brothers [BECNT , CAR , Kn , TH ]. They included Simon, Joseph/Joses, Jude/Judas, and James (Matthew 12:46; 13:55; Mark 6:3) [CH , ICC , Lns , My , NTC , TRT ].

QUESTION—What did the advice of Jesus’ brothers indicate?

They did not understand that Jesus’ mission was to show people God’s true nature, not just to publicly display his power [TH ]. They are insincere and mocking as seen in the fact that they go on to express their doubts about the p 343 works that Jesus was doing [ICC ]. They were probably being sarcastic when they spoke of his works or miracles since in verse 5 it says that they did not believe in him [TH ]. Their request is ironical [CAR , ICC ]. They are sincere in their advice thinking that if he would perform those deeds in Judea he would have all the people bowing at his feet [Lns ]. They do not yet believe, but because of his miracles they see the possibility of his being the Messiah and think that the place for him was at the Feast in Jerusalem [My ].

QUESTION—Who were the ‘disciples’ referred to here?

They were probably disciples in the wider sense of that term and not specifically to the twelve [ICC , NICNT2 , Rd , TH , TRT , WBC ]. They may have been those who had recently left him and decided to no longer follow him [BAR , IVP , TH ]. They are Jesus’ followers in Judea [Gdt , ICC ] but the brothers use the term in a slightly ironical sense [Gdt ]. They are probably not confirmed disciples but a wider group who have heard Jesus and were his potential disciples. They would form the larger audience that the brothers want Jesus to show himself to [NICNT2 , Rd ]. They were disciples from all over the country [Lns , My , WBC ].

7:4 For no-one does anything in secret^a and^b seeks to-be in public^c (view) himself. If/since you-do these-things, reveal^d yourself to-the world.”

LEXICON—a. κρυπτός (LN 28.69, 28.71) (BAGD 2.b. p. 454): ‘secret’ [BAGD , LN (28.69)], ‘hidden’ [BAGD , LN (28.69)], ‘not able to be made known’ [LN (28.69)], ‘a hidden place’ [BAGD ]. The phrase ἐν κρυπτῷ ‘in secret’ [Gdt , HFTC, NICNT2 , NTC , WBC ; CEV , KJV , NASB , NET , NIV , NJB , NRSV , Ph ] is also translated ‘in obscurity’ [REB ], ‘does not hide what he does’ [NCV ], ‘if you hide like this’ [NLT ], ‘people don’t hide what they are doing’ [TEV ], ‘no one keeps his actions hidden’ [AB ]. This adjective describes something as pertaining to its not being able to be known, in view of the fact that it has been kept secret [LN (28.69)]. The idiom ἐν (τῷ) κρυπτῷ (literally ‘in (the) hidden’) describes something as not being able to be known by the public but known by some in-group or by those immediately involved ‘in secret’ [BAGD , LN (28.71)], ‘in private, secretly, privately’ [LN (28.71)]. Here the idiom means ‘in a secret place’ [BAGD ]. To the brothers, to act in Galilee meant to act in secret. The place for the Messiah to work in their opinion was in the metropolis Jerusalem [NICNT1 ].

b. καί (LN 89.92 or 89.93): ‘and’ [AB , LN ; KJV ], ‘and at the same time’ [ICC , WBC ], ‘if’ [HTC ; CEV , NLT , Ph , REB , TEV ], ‘while’ [Gdt ], ‘when’ [NICNT2 , NASB , NTC ], ‘yet’ [ICC , LN (91.12)], not explicit [NCV , NET , NIV , NJB , NRSV ]. This conjunction can indicate a coordinate relation [89.92] or a additive relation that is not coordinate [89.93]. Καί is being used here to mean καίτοι ‘although, even though, yet’ [ICC ]. It emphatically expresses the contrast between such a claim and such behavior [Gdt ].

p 344 c. παρρησία (LN 28.29) (BAGD 2. p. 630): ‘openness’ [BAGD ]. The phrase ἐν παρρησίᾳ ‘in public’ is translated ‘to be known openly/publicly’ [KJV , NASB , Ph ], ‘wants to become a public figure’ [NIV ], ‘wants to be publicly known’ [NJB ], ‘seeks to be known to the public’ [NTC ], ‘seeks to be well known’ [LN ], ‘expects/seeks to be in the public eye’ [AB , NICNT2 , WBC ] ‘if they want others to know about them’ [CEV ], ‘wants to be well/widely known’ [NCV , NRSV , TEV ], ‘seeks to be known openly’ [HTC ], ‘seeks to make a reputation for himself’ [NET ], ‘you can’t become famous (if you hide like this)’ [NLT ], ‘no one can hope for recognition’ [REB ], ‘seeking after fame’ [Gdt ]. The idiom ἐν παρρησίᾳ (literally ‘in boldness’) means in an evident or publicly known manner ‘publicly’ [BAGD , LN ], ‘in an evident manner, well known’ [LN ].

d. aorist act. impera. of φανερόω (LN 28.36) (BAGD 2.a. p. 853): ‘to reveal’ [BAGD , LN ], ‘to make known [LN ], ‘to show’ [BAGD ], ‘to make plain, to bring to the light, to disclose’ [LN ]. The statement φανέρωσον σεαυτὸυ τῷ κόσμῳ ‘reveal/show/display/manifest yourself to the world’ [all translations except CEV , Ph , TEV ] is also translated ‘let the world know/see what you are doing’ [CEV , Ph ], ‘let the whole world know about you’ [TEV ]. This verb means to cause something to be fully known by revealing it clearly and in some detail [LN ].

QUESTION—Does the conjunction εἰ ‘if’ in the clause ‘if you do these things’ indicate a conditional ‘if’ or a causal ‘since’?

1. It has more the meaning of ‘since’ implying that they did believe that he did them [BAR , CAR , EGT , Gdt , HTC , Lns , My , NICNT1 , NICNT2 , NTC , Rd , TH , WBC ; NIV , TEV ]. The Greek if-clause indicates that the condition stated is true and the meaning is more clearly expressed in English by the word ‘since’ [TH ]. The ‘if’ is better translated ‘if indeed’ and indicates that the brothers did not deny that he was doing these things, in fact, it was the basis of their argument [Rd ]. A belief that Jesus could work miracles is implied. Their point was rather that Jesus needed to change his methodology [NICNT1 ]. If they doubted he could perform miracles, then their challenge to him to go to Judea and perform them would be meaningless [CAR ].

2. It should rather be rendered simply as ‘if’ possibly implying that they did not believe that he did them [AB , Gdt , HTC , ICC , NTC ; KJV , NASB , NCV , NET , NJB , NLT , NRSV , Ph , REB ]. The brothers are skeptical but at the same time they do not express definite unbelief [ICC ].

QUESTION—To what does the pronoun ταῦτα ‘these things’ refer?

It refers to ‘the works that you do’ of verse 3 [HTC , ICC , My ], and to the miracles that Jesus did in Galilee [My ].

QUESTION—To what does the word κόσμος ‘world’ refer?

It refers to the world of mankind [TH , TRT ]. It refers to all the Jews gathered together for the Feast of Tabernacles [CH , ICC ]. It refers to everybody [CAR ]. They meant the world of Judaism [Lns ].

p 345 7:5 For not-even^a his brothers were-believing in him.

LEXICON—a. οὐδέ (LN 69.8): ‘not even’ [LN ; all translations except NICNT2 ; CEV , KJV ], ‘even … not yet’ [CEV ], ‘not’ [NICNT2 ], ‘neither’ [KJV ]. This conjunction is a combination of the negative particles οὐ ‘not,’ and the postpositional particle δέ ‘even’ [LN ].

QUESTION—What relationship is indicated by the conjunction γάρ ‘for’?

It indicates that this verse is an explanation of why Jesus’ brothers said what they did in the preceding two verses [BAR , CAR , EGT , TH , TRT ]. It explains why they urged him to go to Judea to do miracles. They wanted the public to acknowledge Jesus as Messiah and then they would too [EGT ]. To show that this verse interrupts the flow of the narrative some enclose it within parentheses [AB ; NCV , NET , NRSV , TEV ].

QUESTION—What is implied by the negative οὐδέ ‘not even’?

It implies that the attitude expressed by Jesus’ brothers is contrary to what one would have expected of one’s own brothers [ICC , My , TH , TRT ]. This may be expressed in some languages by making this fact explicit for example, ‘his brothers did not believe in him even though one would have assumed that they would have’ [TH ].

QUESTION—In what sense did the brothers not believe in Jesus?

‘Believe’ is used in the sense of ‘to place one’s faith in’ rather than merely ‘having confidence in him’ [TH ]. They did not entrust themselves completely to him [CAR ]. They did not believe that he was the Messiah [EGT , ICC , Gdt , My , NTC , TRT ]. In their minds Jesus did not fit the image that the Messiah and Savior of Israel should resemble [HTC , Rd ].

QUESTION—What is the significance of the imperfect tense ἐπίστευον ‘were believing’?

The imperfect tense refers to their continuing attitude toward Jesus [ICC , NICNT1 , Rd ]. It indicates that the door was open to their later acceptance of Jesus for who he really was [LN ].

7:6 So Jesus says to-them, “My time^a is- not-yet -come,^b but your time is always ready.^c

LEXICON—a. καιρός (LN 22.45) (BAGD 2. p. 395): ‘time’ [AB , BAGD , Gdt , HTC , NICNT2 ; CEV , KJV , NASB , NET , NRSV ], ‘right time’ [WBC ; NCV , NIV , NJB , NLT , Ph , REB , TEV ], ‘proper time’ [NTC ], ‘opportunity, good occasion’ [LN ]. This noun denotes a favorable opportunity or occasion in view of favorable circumstances [LN ].

b. pres. act. indic. of πάρειμι (LN 85.23) (BAGD 1.b. p. 624): ‘to come’ [Gdt , HTC ; CEV , KJV , NCV , NIV , NJB , NRSV , REB , TEV ], ‘to be here, [LN , NICNT2 , NTC ; NASB ], ‘to arrive’ [WBC ; NET ], ‘to be present’ [BAGD , LN ], ‘to be there, to be at hand’ [LN ]. The statement Ὁ καιρὸς ὁ ἐμὸς οὔπω πάρεστιν ‘My time has not yet come’ is translated ‘It is not yet the right time for me’ [Ph ], ‘It is not yet time for me’ [AB ]. This verb means to be present at a particular time and place [LN ].

p 346 c. ἕτοιμος (LN 77.2) (BAGD 1. p. 316): ‘ready’ [BAGD , Gdt , LN , NICNT2 , WBC ; KJV ], ‘right’ [NCV , NIV , NJB , REB , TEV ], ‘here’ [HTC ; CEV , NRSV ], ‘suitable’ [AB , NTC ], ‘opportune’ [NASB ], ‘prepared’ [LN ]. The statement ὁ δὲ καιρὸς ὁ ὑμέτερος πάντοτέ ἐστιν ἕτοιμος ‘but your time is always ready’ is translated ‘but you are ready at any opportunity’ [NET ], ‘but you can go anytime’ [NLT ]. This adjective describes a thing as being in a state of readiness [LN ].

QUESTION—What relationship is indicated by the conjunction οὖν ‘so’?

It indicates that this verse is the result of the unbelief of his brothers [CAR ].

QUESTION—To what specific ‘time’ was Jesus referring?

1. He was referring to the moment when he would reveal himself as Messiah to the authorities or the world [EGT , Gdt , ICC , Lns , My ]. Jesus’ brothers had advised him to reveal himself to the world. In reply Jesus says that his time had not yet come to reveal himself publicly as Messiah [ICC , Lns , My ]. It denotes the favorable moment for Jesus to publicly show himself to be who he really was [Gdt ].

2. He was primarily referring to God’s timetable for him to go here or there [BAR , BECNT , HTC , IVP , Kn , NICNT2 , Rd , TH , WBC ]. It was the Father who had sent him and in whose hands were his movements and appointments [NICNT2 ]. The time was primarily to be determined by God and his ‘time’ refers to his death and departure from this world [IVP , Kn , Rd ]. Jesus meant the time for him to reveal his glory and this glory was to be revealed in his crucifixion and exaltation. But the timing for that was to be determined by the Father [BAR ]. Jesus was referring to the time to go to this Feast of Tabernacles and this was to be determined by God’s sovereign decision [CAR ].

3. He was referring to the hour of his death. Jesus’ ‘time’ refers to the hour of his suffering, death, resurrection and ascension to the Father [AB ].

4. He was referring to his departure for the Feast of Tabernacles [CH , NICNT1 , NTC ]. Jesus would not get the opportunity he was looking for, if he went to the feast just then [CH ]. It was better to go to the feast after the crowd had assembled because then he could come suddenly among them as written in Malachi 3:1. So it was important for Jesus to choose his departure time carefully so as to get the most effective results [NICNT1 ].

7:7 The world^a is- not -able to-hate^b you(pl), but me it-hates, because I testify^c about it that its works are evil.^d

LEXICON—a. κόσμος (LN 9.23) (BAGD 7. p. 446): ‘world’ [BAGD ; all translations except CEV ], ‘people of the world’ [LN ; CEV ]. This noun is a figurative extension of the meaning of κόσμος ‘cosmos, universe,’ and denotes people associated with a world system and estranged from God [LN ]. It denotes the world and everything that belongs to it. It is hostile to God in the sense that it is lost in sin, wholly at odds with anything divine. It is ruined, and depraved. This world is ruled by the ‘the prince of this world’, the devil. The Christian must have nothing to do with this world p 347 of sin and separation from God, instead of desiring it, one is to keep oneself unstained by the world. When he takes this attitude the Christian is naturally hated by the world as his Lord was hated [BAGD ]. The world indicates the unbelieving world [My ].

b. pres. act. infin. of μισέω (LN 88.198) (BAGD 1. p. 522): ‘to hate’ [BAGD , LN ; all translations except Ph ], ‘to detest’ [BAGD , LN ], ‘to abhor, to persecute in hatred’ [BAGD ]. This verb is also translated as a noun: ‘(the world’s) hatred’ [Ph ]. It means to dislike strongly, with the implication of aversion and hostility [LN ]. The present tense of the verb indicates continuous activity that matches the continuous activity of Jesus testifying about it [NICNT1 ]: it continues to hate me because I continue to testify about it.

c. pres. act. indic. of μαρτυρέω (LN 33.262) (BAGD 1.a. p. 492): ‘to testify’ [BAGD , HTC , NICNT2 , NTC ; KJV , NASB , NET , NIV , NRSV ], ‘to tell’ [CEV , NCV , TEV ], ‘to give evidence’ [NJB ], ‘to accuse’ [NLT ], ‘to bear witness’ [BAGD , WBC ], ‘to bear testimony’ [Gdt ], ‘to witness’ [LN ], ‘to be a witness’ [BAGD ]. The statement ἐγὼ μαρτυρῶ περὶ αὐτοῦ ὅτι τὰ ἔργα αὐτοῦ πονηρά ἐστιν ‘I testify about it that its works are evil’ is translated ‘I show the world how evil its deeds really are’ [Ph ], ‘(it hates me) for exposing the wickedness of its ways’ [REB ], ‘I keep telling it that its ways are bad’ [TEV ], ‘(it does hate me because of) the evidence that I bring against it that what it does is evil’ [AB ]. This verb means to provide information about a person or an event concerning which the speaker has direct knowledge [LN ]. The present tense indicates that this testifying was progressive or continuous [NICNT1 , TH : TEV ]: I keep testifying about it.

d. πονηρός (LN 88.110) (BAGD 1.b.β. p. 691): ‘evil’ [BAGD , LN ; all translations except NTC ; TEV ], ‘bad’ [TEV ], ‘wicked’ [BAGD , LN ; NTC ], ‘immoral’ [LN ], base, worthless, vicious, degenerate’ [BAGD ]. This adjective is also translated as a noun: ‘(the) wickedness (of its ways)’ [REB ]. It describes something as being morally corrupt and evil [LN ]. The ethical sense of these adjectives is in focus [BAGD ]. Evil basically means all that is not of the Father [IVP ].

QUESTION—In what sense is the word κόσμος ‘world’ used here?

It is a figure of speech in which ‘the world’ refers to the people who live in it [LN , Lns , NTC , TH , TRT ]. It denotes people who are estranged from God [IVP , LN , NTC , Rd , TRT ]. The world is represented by the leaders of the Jews [Lns , NTC ].

QUESTION—Why could the world not hate Jesus’ brothers?

It wasn’t that the people of the world were incapable of hating them but rather that they had no basis for doing so [TH , TRT ]. They could not hate the brothers because they and the people of the world were of the same mind [CH , EGT , Gdt , HTC , Kn , Lns , My ]. His brothers belonged to the world [BAR , CAR , BECNT , HTC , Lns , NICNT1 , WBC ] and the world loves its own (15:19) [BAR , CAR , HTC , WBC ].

p 348 QUESTION—What words are emphasized in this verse?

The pronoun ἐγώ ‘I’ is emphasized [TH ]: because I myself testify about it that its works are evil. The pronoun ἐμὲ ‘me’ is emphasized by its position in the statement [BECNT , Rd , NICNT1 ]: me it hates. There is a marked contrast between the preceding ὑμᾶς ‘you(pl)’ and ‘me’ [NICNT1 ]: the world is unable to hate you, but me it hates. The pronoun ὑμᾶς ‘you’ is emphatic [ICC ]: the world is unable to hate you.

7:8 You(pl) go-up^a to the festival. I am- not -going-up to this festival, because my time has- not-yet -been-fulfilled.^b

TEXT—Instead of οὐκ ‘not’, in the phrase ‘I am not going up’ some manuscripts read οὔπω ‘not yet’. GNT reads ‘not’ with a C rating, indicating difficulty in deciding which variant to place in the text. ‘Not’ is also accepted by all translations except NTC ; KJV , NCV , NIV , Ph . All of the latter accept ‘not yet’.

LEXICON—a. aorist act. impera. of ἀναβαίνω (LN 15.101) (BAGD 1.a.α. p. 50): ‘to go up’ [AB , BAGD , Gdt , LN , NTC ; KJV , NASB , NET , NJB , Ph , REB ], to go’ [HTC ; NCV , NIV , NRSV ], ‘to go on’ [CEV , NLT , TEV ], ‘to go ahead’ [NICNT2 ], ‘to ascend’ [BAGD , LN ], ‘to come up’ [LN ]. This verb means to move up. The upward movement may be of almost any gradient, for example, in going up a road to Jerusalem [LN ]. This verb is used especially of going up the road to Jerusalem, located on high ground [BAGD ]. On the surface the verb means to go up to Jerusalem. But its deeper meaning is to go up to the Father via Jesus’ death, resurrection, and ascension [AB , Kn ]. They would literally go up to Jerusalem since it was 2500 feet above sea level while the Sea of Galilee was actually 680 feet below sea level [NTC ]. To go up to Jerusalem was a common expression regardless of one’s geographic point of origin [BECNT , CAR , Kn ].

b. perf. pass. indic. of πληρόω (LN 13.106) (BAGD 2. p. 671): ‘to be fulfilled’ [Gdt , LN , NICNT2 ], ‘to be full come’ [KJV ], ‘to be fully arrived’ [NET ], ‘to be ripe’ [AB ; NJB ], ‘to be filled up’ [BAGD ], ‘to be caused to happen, to be made to happen’ [LN ], ‘to have reached its end’ [BAGD ]. This verb is also translated actively: ‘to come’ [CEV , NCV , NIV , NLT , REB , TEV ], ‘to arrive’ [NTC ], ‘to fully come’ [HTC , WBC ; NASB , NRSV ]. The statement ὁ ἐμὸς καιρὸς οὔπω πεπλήρωται ‘my time has not yet been fulfilled’ is translated ‘it is not yet time for me to go’ [Ph ]. This verb means to cause to happen, with the implication of fulfilling some purpose [LN ]. It refers to God’s timing for Jesus, especially in reference to his suffering [AB ].

QUESTION—What words are emphasized in this verse?

The first pronoun ὑμεῖς ‘you(pl)’ is emphasized [AB , HTC , ICC , NICNT2 , NTC , TH , WBC ; NASB , NET , NJB , NRSV , REB ]: you yourselves go up to the festival. The pronoun ἐγὼ ‘I’ is emphasized [My , NICNT2 , TH , WBC ]: I myself am not going up to this festival.

p 349 QUESTION—In what sense did Jesus not go to this festival?

Jesus’ brothers had challenged him to reveal himself to the world. It was in this sense that he refused to go to the festival. He would not go to do what his brothers proposed. His time to do that would come at a future Passover [Lns ].

QUESTION—What did Jesus mean by the words ‘my time’?

He referred to the time that the Father had set for him [AB , BAGD , BAR , BECNT , CAR , HTC , IVP , NICNT2 , Rd , WBC ]. Jesus had not yet received directions from God about his next move [WBC ]. He meant his time for revealing himself publicly [EGT ]. He referred to the time for publicly announcing his Messiahship [ICC ]. By his time Jesus meant his time to die [BAGD , CH ]. In saying that he would not go to the festival, Jesus was only refusing the request of his brothers but not negating his intention to go at the proper time, which would be only in obedience to his Father’s direction [BAR ].

7:9 And having-said these-things he^a remained in Galilee.

TEXT—Instead of αὐτός ‘he’ some manuscripts read αὐτοῖς ‘with them’, other manuscripts read αὐτοῖς αὐτός ‘with them he himself’, and still others omit this word. GNT reads ‘he’ with a B rating, indicating that the text is almost certain.

LEXICON—a. αὐτός (LN 92.11): ‘he’ [LN ; all translations except CEV , NCV , NLT ], ‘Jesus’ [CEV , NCV , NLT ]. This pronoun denotes a reference to a definite person or persons spoken or written about (with an added feature of emphasis in the nominative forms) [LN ]. The emphatic αὐτός is typical of John’s writing [ICC ]: he himself remained in Galilee.

DISCOURSE UNIT—7:10–31 [CEV ]. The topic is Jesus at the Feast of Shelters.

DISCOURSE UNIT—7:10–24 [GNT , TRT ; NLT , NRSV , TEV ]. The topic is Jesus at the Feast of Tabernacles [GNT ; TEV , NRSV ], Jesus teaches at the Temple [TRT ; NLT ].

DISCOURSE UNIT—7:10–13 [BECNT , Kn , NICNT1 ]. The topic is Jesus goes to the Feast [BECNT ], Jesus’ secret presence at the Festival [Kn ], the reaction of the multitudes [NICNT1 ].

7:10 But after^a his brothers went-up to the festival, then he-himself also went-up not openly^b but as-it-were^c in secret.

TEXT—Some manuscripts omit the second ὡς ‘as’. GNT includes it with a C rating and places it in brackets, indicating that the committee had difficulty making the decision. AB and WBC also include it in brackets or parentheses. It is omitted by HTC ; CEV , NCV , NET , NIV , NJB , NLT , REB , TEV .

LEXICON—a. ὡς (LN 67.45) (BAGD IV.1.a. p. 898): ‘after’ [BAGD , HTC , NTC ; CEV , NCV , NIV , NJB , NLT , NRSV , Ph , TEV ], ‘when’ [Gdt , LN , WBC ; KJV , NASB , NET , REB ], ‘once’ [AB ], ‘as’ [NICNT2 ]. This p 350 conjunction indicates a point of time which is prior to another point of time, with the possible implication in some contexts of reason or cause [LN ].

b. φανερῶς (LN 28.63) (BAGD p. 853): ‘openly, publicly’ [BAGD , LN ]. The clause οὐ φανερῶς ‘not openly’ [Gdt , LN , NICNT2 ; KJV , NET , Ph , REB , TEV ] is also translated ‘not publicly’ [HTC , NTC , WBC ; NASB , NIV , NJB , NRSV ], ‘not for all to see’ [AB ], ‘he went secretly’ [CEV ], ‘though secretly’ [NLT ]. The two clauses ‘not openly but as it were in secret’ is translated ‘But he did not let people see him’ [NCV ]. This adverb indicates the manner by which something can easily be known by the public, and it implies that the related events take place in the open [LN ].

c. ὡς (LN 64.12): ‘as it were’ [AB , Gdt , NICNT2 , NTC , WBC ;], ‘as, like’ [LN ]. The clause ἀλλὰ ὡς ἐν κρυπτῷ ‘but as it were in secret’ [AB , Gdt , NICNT2 , NTC , WBC ; KJV , NRSV ] is also translated ‘but as if in secret’ [NASB ], ‘but in secret’ [NET , NIV . REB ], ‘but secretly’ [NJB , TEV ], ‘but as though he did not want to be seen’ [Ph ], ‘without telling anyone’ [CEV ], ‘staying out of public view’ [NLT ]. This conjunction indicates a relatively weak relationship between events or states of being [LN ]. It functions here to soften the phrase ‘in secret’. It was not as though he concealed his going [Gdt ].

QUESTION—What is meant by οὐ φανερῶς ‘not openly’ or ‘not publicly’?

It means that he did not go along with the caravan(s) that was/were at that time heading for Jerusalem [BECNT , Gdt , ICC , My , NICNT1 ]. ‘Not publicly’ or ‘openly’ means not being part of a formal procession of pilgrims [NICNT1 ]. It means that his going was not as his brothers had advised him—publicly [EGT , Lns , NICNT1 , NICNT2 ]. It may mean that he went only with his disciples, did not announce his departure or arrival, did not use the main roads, and traveled mainly by night [NTC ]. He went without a group accompanying him [CH ]. He went secretly in order to avoid a premature death in view of the heightened opposition [BECNT ].

7:11 Therefore/then^a the Jews^b were-looking-for^c him in the festival and were-saying, “Where is that^d (man)?”

LEXICON—a. οὖν (LN 89.50): ‘therefore’ [LN , Gdt , WBC ], ‘consequently’ [Ph ], ‘so’ [NICNT2 ; NASB , NET ], ‘then’ [LN ; KJV ], ‘now’ [NTC ; NIV ], ‘of course’ [AB ], ‘accordingly, so then’ [LN ], not explicit [HTC ; CEV , NCV , NJB , NLT , NRSV , REB , TEV ].

b. Ἰουδαῖος (LN 93.172) (BAGD 2.e. p. 379): ‘Jew’ [LN ]. The plural form οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι ‘the Jews’ [BAGD , LN ; all translations except CEV , NET , NLT , TEV ] is also translated ‘the Jewish leaders’ [TRT ; NET , NLT ], ‘the Jewish authorities’ [Lns , TH ; TEV ], ‘the leaders’ [CEV ]. This noun is derived from Ἰούδας ‘Judah,’ (93.173, 93.488) and denotes the ethnic name of a person who belongs to the Jewish nation. In NT usage the reference of the term οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι may be either the Jewish people as p 351 such, the inhabitants of Jerusalem and environs, the authorities in Jerusalem, or even the people hostile to Jesus [LN ]. In John the phrase ‘the Jews’ are the enemies of Jesus [BAGD ].

c. imperf. act. indic. of ζητέω (LN 27.41): ‘to look for’ [AB , LN , HTC , NTC , WBC ; CEV , NCV , NET , NRSV , Ph , REB , TEV ], ‘to be on the look-out for’ [NJB ], ‘to watch for’ [NIV ], ‘to seek’ [Gdt , NICNT2 ; KJV , NASB ], ‘to try to find’ [LN ; NLT ], ‘to try to learn where something is’ [LN ]. This verb means to try to learn the location of something, often by movement from place to place in the process of searching [LN ]. The imperfect tense indicates continuous action [Lns , NICNT1 , Ph ]: ‘the Jews kept looking for him at the festival’ [Ph ]. Both imperfect verbs indicate continuous action—they kept looking for Jesus and asking where he was [NICNT1 ]. They were looking for Jesus with hostile intentions [BECNT , BAR , CAR , My , Rd ]. This is supported by the hostile intent noted in 7:1 [BECNT ].

d. ἐκεῖνος (LN 92.30) (BAGD 1.c. p. 239): ‘that’ [BAGD , LN ], ‘that one’ [LN ], ‘that man’ [AB , NICNT2 ; NCV , NIV , Ph ], ‘that person’ [BAGD ], ‘he’ [Gdt , HTC , NTC , WBC ; CEV , KJV , NET , NJB , NRSV , REB , TEV ], ‘He’ [NASB ]. The clause ‘were saying, “Where is that man?” ’ is translated kept asking if anyone had seen him’ [NLT ]. This pronoun denotes a reference to an entity regarded as relatively absent in terms of the discourse setting [LN ]. It is used with reference to well-known or notorious personalities. Here it refers to Jesus [BAGD ].

QUESTION—What relationship is indicated by the conjunction οὖν ‘therefore/then’?

It indicates that this action of searching for Jesus by the Jews is the result of his not going with the pilgrims to the festival [Gdt , ICC , Lns , My , WBC ; Ph ]: he himself also went up not openly but as it were in secret. Therefore the Jews were looking for him in the festival.

QUESTION—To whom does the term οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι ‘the Jews’ refer?

It refers to the religious leaders in Jerusalem who were hostile to Jesus [BECNT , CAR , HTC , ICC , Lns , My , NICNT2 , NTC , Rd , WBC ]. It refers to Jesus’ enemies [BAGD , BAR , NICNT1 ]. They were members of the Sanhedrin [Lns ].

QUESTION—Is there a derogatory sense implied in the pronoun ἐκεῖνος ‘that man’?

‘That man’ is used in a derogatory sense [CAR , IVP , My , NICNT2 , TRT ]. Jesus’ enemies are using this term in a manner approaching derision. Chrysostom claimed that because of their hatred and enmity, they refrained from even calling him by name [NICNT2 ]. They were on the lookout for ‘that guy’ [IVP ]. Their usage of ‘that man’ probably implies scorn or intense irritation, perhaps both [CAR ]. The term probably implies contempt [My , TRT ] or disrespect [TRT ]. While it is possible that it carries a derogatory sense, it is not necessarily true here [BAR , EGT , ICC , TH ].

p 352 7:12 And there-was much murmuring^a about him among the crowds.^b Some were-saying, “He-is good,^c” but others were-saying, “No, but^d he-deceives^e the crowd.”

LEXICON—a. γογγυσμός (LN 33.382) (BAGD 2. p. 164): ‘murmuring’ [Gdt , NICNT2 , NTC ; KJV , REB ], ‘whispering’ [BAGD , NICNT1 , TRT ; NCV , NIV ], ‘grumbling’ [NASB , NET , NLT ], ‘complaining’ [NRSV ], ‘muttering’ [HTC ], ‘guarded debate’ [AB ], ‘secret discussion’ [WBC ], ‘talk’ [NJB ], ‘complaint’ [LN ], ‘secret talk’ [BAGD ]. The statement καὶ γογγυσμὸς περὶ αὐτοῦ ἦν πολὺς ἐν τοῖς ὄχλοις ‘there was much murmuring about him among the crowds’ is translated ‘the crowds even got into an argument about him’ [CEV ]. The phrase γογγυσμὸς … πολὺς ‘much murmuring’ is translated ‘an undercurrent of discussion’ [Ph ]. This noun is derived from γογγύζω ‘to complain, to grumble, to express one’s discontent’ [LN ]. Here it has the sense of ‘wondering secretly’ [AB ], of ‘restless muttering’ or ‘undercover talk’ [WBC ], ‘quiet discussion’ [NICNT1 ], ‘subdued debate’ [BAR ]. It includes both friendly and hostile murmuring [Gdt ].

b. ὄχλος (LN 11.1) (BAGD 1. p. 600): ‘crowd’ [BAGD , LN ; all translations except Gdt , HTC ; KJV , NCV ], ‘large crowd’ [NCV ], ‘people’ [HTC ; KJV ], ‘multitude’ [BAGD , Gdt , LN ], ‘throng’ [BAGD ]. This noun denotes a casual non-membership group of people, fairly large in size and assembled for whatever purpose. In a number of languages there is no term corresponding to ‘crowd.’ One may, however, usually speak of such a group of people as ‘many people’ or ‘many men and women’. Depending on the context, it may be necessary to indicate some relative difference in size, for example, ‘very large crowd’ or ‘many, many people’. If the crowd is relatively small, one may sometimes speak of ‘just some people’ [LN ]. The crowd refers to the common people [Gdt ]. It would include both residents of Jerusalem and pilgrims who had come to the festival [HTC ].

c. ἀγαθός (LN 88.1) (BAGD 1.b.α. p. 3): ‘good’ [BAGD , LN ; AB , NICNT2 ], ‘goodness, good act’ [LN ]. This adjective is also translated as a phrase: ‘good man’ [all translations except AB , NICNT2 ]. It describes positive moral qualities of the most general nature [LN ]. It has to do with inner, especially moral worth [BAGD ]. Here it is used of Christ and means ‘upright’ [BAGD , Gdt , My , NTC ]. The meaning of good by the crowd may have been ‘kind’ or ‘benevolent’ [NICNT2 ].

d. ἀλλά (LN 89.125) (BAGD 1.a. p. 38): ‘but’ [BAGD , LN ], ‘on the contrary’ [LN ], ‘instead’ [LN ], ‘yet, rather, nevertheless’ [BAGD ], not explicit [AB , HTC ; CEV , NCV , NET , NIV , NJB , NLT , NRSV , REB , TEV ]. The phrase Οὔ, ἀλλὰ ‘No, but’ [Gdt , NICNT2 ] is also translated ‘Nay; but’ [KJV ], ‘No’ [HTC ; NCV , NIV , NJB , NRSV , REB , TEV ], ‘Not at all’ [AB ], ‘No, on the contrary’ [Lns ; NTC , WBC ; NASB ], ‘(others maintained that he was) not, but’ [Ph ], ‘No (He isn’t), rather’ [TRT ]. This conjunction indicates more emphatic contrast than the conjunction δέ, p 353 (89.124) [LN ]. It introduces the main point after a question expressed or implied, which has been answered in the negative [BAGD ]. This phrase ‘no, but’ expresses a radical contradiction ‘not at all, on the contrary’ [NICNT1 ].

e. pres. act. indic. πλανάω (LN 31.8) (BAGD 1.b. p. 665): ‘to deceive’ [AB , BAGD , LN , NICNT2 ; KJV , NET , NIV , NRSV ], ‘to lead astray’ [Gdt , HTC , HTC , WBC ; NASB , NJB , REB ], ‘to mislead’ [BAGD , LN ; Ph ], ‘to fool’ [NCV , TEV ], ‘to lie’ [CEV ], ‘to cause to be mistaken’ [LN ]. This verb is also translated as a phrase: ‘(He’s nothing but) a fraud who deceives (the people)’ [NLT ]. This is a figurative extension of the verb πλανάω ‘to cause to wander off the path’ and it means to cause someone to hold a wrong view and thus be mistaken [LN ]. This was a serious charge. The punishment for this was death (Deuteronomy 13) [HTC , IVP , Kn , TRT , WBC ], by stoning [BECNT , HTC , TRT ].

7:13 However^a no-one was-speaking about him openly^b because-of the fear of-the Jews.

LEXICON—a. μέντοι (LN 89.130) (BAGD 2. p. 503): ‘however’ [AB , Gdt , TRT , WBC ; NET , Ph , REB ], ‘but’ [LN ; CEV , NCV , NIV , NLT , TEV ], ‘yet’ [HTC ; NASB , NJB , NRSV ], ‘nevertheless’ [LN , NTC ], ‘howbeit’ [KJV ], ‘though’ [BAGD , NICNT2 ], ‘to be sure, indeed’ [BAGD ], ‘except’ [LN ]. This conjunction indicates contrast and implies the validity of something irrespective of other considerations [LN ]. It is for the most part adversative [BAGD ].

b. παρρησία (LN 25.158) (BAGD 1. p. 630): ‘boldness, openness’ [LN , ‘outspokenness, frankness, plainness’ [BAGD ]. In association with the verb ‘was-speaking’, this noun in the dative case is translated ‘openly’ [AB , BAGD , Gdt , HTC ; KJV , NASB , NCV , NET , NJB , NRSV , Ph , TEV ], ‘publicly’ [NICNT2 , NTC , WBC ; NIV ], ‘in public’ [CEV , NLT ], ‘freely’ [REB ]. This noun denotes a state of boldness and confidence, and sometimes implies the presence of intimidating circumstances [LN ].

QUESTION—What were the people afraid to speak about?

They probably were afraid to talk favorably about Jesus [CH , Gdt , ICC , My , NICNT2 ; NLT ], or even unfavorably [Gdt , My , NICNT2 ]. Even those hostile to Jesus were afraid since the authorities had not yet come to an official decision about their stance toward Jesus, and the people did not want to end up on the wrong side [My ].

QUESTION—How are the nouns related in the genitive construction τὸν φόβον τῶν Ἰουδαίων ‘the fear of the Jews’? Were the Jews afraid or were people afraid of them?

These people were afraid of the Jews [AB , BECNT , HTC , Kn , Lns , NICNT2 ; CEV , NCV , NLT , TEV ]: ‘the people were afraid of their leaders’ [CEV ]. The Jewish authorities were causing the people to be afraid [ICC , Lns , My ].

p 354 QUESTION—What were they afraid about?

They were afraid of getting into trouble with the leaders [CH ; NLT ]. They were afraid the Jews would take action against them [TRT ] and punish them [TH ]. They feared possible expulsion from the synagogue [Kn ]. They feared getting enmeshed in any legal action taken against Jesus [Rd ].

QUESTION—To whom does the phrase οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι ‘the Jews’ refer?

It refers to the leaders or authorities of the Jews [AB , BECNT , CAR , CH , EGT , HTC , ICC , Kn , Lns , My , NTC , Rd , TH , TRT ; CEV , NET , NLT , TEV ]. This must indicate the Jewish authorities since this is a Jewish crowd and yet they were afraid of ‘the Jews’ [AB , Kn , NICNT1 , TH ]. The Jewish authorities were represented by the Sanhedrin [BECNT ].

DISCOURSE UNIT—7:14–52 [BAR ]. The topic is controversy in Jerusalem.

DISCOURSE UNIT—7:14–44 [CAR ]. The topic is Jesus at the Feast of Tabernacles.

DISCOURSE UNIT—7:14–36 [AB , EGT , Kn , Lns , NICNT2 ]. The topic is Jesus in the Temple [NICNT2 ], Jesus contends with Jerusalemites [Kn ], Jesus teaches at the Feast [AB , EGT ], the response of the Jewish leaders to Jesus’ teaching [Lns ].

DISCOURSE UNIT—7:14–27 [Ph ]. The topic is Jesus declares his authority.

DISCOURSE UNIT—7:14–24 [BECNT , CAR , IVP , NICNT1 , Rd ; NCV , NET , NIV ]. The topic is Jesus teaches in the Temple [BECNT , IVP , Rd ; NCV , NET , NIV ], Jesus’ authoritative teaching [CAR ], righteous judgment [NICNT1 ].

DISCOURSE UNIT—7:14–18 [WBC ]. The topic is Jesus’ qualifications questioned.

7:14 But already^a the festival being-in-the-middle^b Jesus went-up into the temple^c and was-teaching.

LEXICON—a. ἤδη (LN 67.20): ‘already’ [Gdt , LN , NICNT2 , NTC ; REB ], not explicit [AB , HTC , WBC ; CEV , KJV , NASB , NCV , NET , NIV , NJB , NLT , NRSV , Ph ]. This adverb describes a point of time that precedes another point of time and implies completion [LN ].

b. pres. act. participle of μεσόω (LN 67.137) (BAGD p. 508): ‘to be in/at the middle of” [BAGD , LN ], ‘to have something half over’ [LN ]. The clause ἤδη δὲ τῆς ἑορτῆς μεσούσης ‘but already the festival being in the middle’ is translated ‘already in/at the middle of the festival’ [LN , NICNT2 ], ‘about the middle of the festival/feast’ [HTC ; NRSV ], ‘but when it was now the midst of the feast’ [NASB ], ‘now about in the midst of the feast’ [KJV ], ‘when the festival/feast was already half over’ [LN ; REB ], ‘when the festival was about half over’ [CEV , NCV ], ‘when the feast was half over’ [BAGD ; NET , NJB ], ‘now when the feast was already half over’ [NTC ], ‘the feast was already half over when’ [AB ], ‘the festival was nearly half over when’ [TEV ], ‘but at the very height of p 355 the festival’ [Ph ], ‘not until halfway through the Feast’ [NIV ], ‘but/then, midway/halfway through the festival’ [WBC ; NLT ]. This verb means to be in the middle of a period of time [LN ].

c. ἱερόν (LN 7.16) (BAGD 2. p. 372): ‘temple’ [BAGD , LN ; all translations except AB ; NET , NIV ], ‘temple precincts’ [AB , TH ], ‘temple courts’ [NET , NIV ]. This noun denotes a temple or sanctuary (ναός, 7.15) and the surrounding consecrated area [LN ]. It denotes the outer court of the temple [CH ]. It denotes the temple area [BECNT , TRT ] that included the court of the women, the court of Jewish men, and the court of the Gentiles [BECNT ]. This may have been in the court of the Gentiles [NTC ]. This was as public a place as was possible [NICNT1 ].

QUESTION—What was the middle of the festival?

It was on the fourth day [CH , EGT , Rd ]. It was the third or fourth day of a seven-day feast [AB , ICC , Kn , My ]. It may refer to the exact middle, the fourth day, or to any time after the first day and before the final day [BAR , BECNT , NICNT1 ]. It is a general reference to some time after the first day and before the final day [CAR ]. The feast lasted eight days [CH , ICC , TRT ].

QUESTION—What is indicated by the imperfect tense ἐδίδασκεν ‘was teaching’?

It indicates that the action was beginning [AB , ICC , Lns , NICNT1 , NICNT2 , NTC , TH , TRT ; CEV , NASB , NET , NIV , NJB , NLT , Ph , REB , TEV ]: ‘Jesus … started teaching’ [CEV ].

QUESTION—Why was Jesus allowed to teach in the temple?

Ordinarily any rabbi was allowed to teach interested groups in the temple [Lns ].

7:15 Therefore the Jews were-marveling^a saying, “How has- this (man) -known letters^b not having-learned^c?”

LEXICON—a. imperf. act. indic. of θαυμάζω (LN 25.213) (BAGD 1.a.α. p. 352): ‘to marvel’ [BAGD , HTC , LN ; KJV ], ‘to be astonished’ [BAGD , Gdt , WBC ; NASB , NET , NJB , NRSV , REB ], ‘to be amazed’ [LN , NICNT2 , NTC ; NCV , NIV , Ph ], ‘to be surprised’ [AB ; CEV , NLT ], ‘to be greatly surprised’ [TEV ], ‘to wonder’ [BAGD , LN ]. This verb is derived from the noun θαῦμα ‘wonder, amazement’ (25.212), and means to wonder or marvel at some event or object and whether the reaction is favorable or unfavorable depends on the context [LN ]. Their amazement takes on a derogatory sense here and hints at anger [WBC ].

b. γράμματα (LN 27.21) (BAGD 1, 3. p. 165): The plural form is translated ‘letters’ [BAGD ], ‘learning, education, scholarship’ [LN ]. The question πῶς οὗτος γράμματα οἶδεν ‘How has this man known letters’ is translated ‘How does this man know letters?’ [NICNT2 ], ‘How knoweth this man letters?’ [KJV ], ‘How can this fellow know letters? [NTC ], ‘How has this man become learned?’ [NASB ], ‘How does he/this man know so much?’ [LN ; CEV , NET , NLT , TEV ], ‘How does this man know all this?’ [Ph ], ‘How did he learn so much?’ [NCV ], ‘How did this man get p 356 such learning?’ [NIV ], ‘How does this man have such learning?’ [WBC ; NRSV ], ‘How is it … that this untrained man has such learning?’ [REB ], ‘How did this fellow get his education?’ [AB ], ‘How did he learn to read?’ [NJB ], ‘How does this man know the Scriptures?’ [Gdt ], ‘How is it that this man knows (the) Scriptures?’ [HTC ]. This plural noun denotes the body of information acquired in school or from the study of writings [LN ]. It refers to the letters of the alphabet, to a letter written to someone, or to learning in general [NTC ].

c. perf. act. participle of μανθάνω (LN 27.12) (BAGD 1. p. 490): ‘to learn’ [BAGD , LN ; KJV ], ‘to be taught’ [LN ; CEV , NRSV , Ph ], ‘to be educated’ [NASB , NJB ], ‘to be trained’ [NLT ], ‘to be instructed’ [LN ]. The phrase μὴ μεμαθηκώς ‘not having learned’ is translated ‘(how does this man know so much) when he has never had formal instruction?’ [LN ; NET ], ‘without having studied’ [NIV ], ‘when he has never been to school’ [TEV ], ‘This man has never studied in school’ [NCV ], ‘not being a man who has studied’ [Gdt ], ‘when he has never studied’ [HTC ], ‘when he had no teacher’ [AB ], ‘being uninstructed’ [NICNT2 ], ‘when he hasn’t had an education’ [WBC ]. It is also translated as an adjective: ‘(this) untrained (man)’ [REB ], and a phrase ‘without an education’ [NTC ]. This verb means to acquire information as the result of instruction, whether in an informal or formal context [LN ].

QUESTION—To whom does the phrase ‘the Jews’ refer?

It refers to the leaders of the Jews [My , NICNT2 , NTC , WBC ; CEV , NET , TEV ]: ‘The Jewish authorities were greatly surprised’ [TEV ]. It refers to the crowd [Rd ; NLT ]: ‘the people were surprised’ [NLT ]. It probably refers to both the common Jewish people and the authorities [BECNT , CAR ].

QUESTION—What is implied by this rhetorical question?

The question indicates that the Jews are complaining. It shows contempt rather than just surprise [BAR ]. Their question was a spiteful remark [HTC ]. Their exclamation is abusive. They imply that since he had not been to the rabbinical schools, whatever he said must be wrong [NTC ]. The Jews are offended by Jesus’ teaching in the temple [Rd ]. Their question was meant to charge Jesus with incompetence and to discredit him before the crowd. It said in effect that he did not know what he was talking about since he had not studied in their schools [Lns ].

QUESTION—What is implied by the use of οὗτος ‘this man’?

Here it has a connotation of contempt [AB , BAGD , BAR , NICNT1 , NTC , TRT ; REB ]: ‘this fellow’ [AB , BAR , Lns , NTC ], ‘this untrained man’ [REB ]. It is highly derogatory [Lns ]. It has a derogatory sense in certain contexts [LN (92.29)].

QUESTION—What caused their surprise?

They wondered how he was able to debate learnedly without having been a disciple in a rabbinic school [AB , BAR , CAR , Gdt , NICNT1 , NTC ]. They were surprised that he could carry on prolonged instruction just like a rabbi and perhaps also by the amount of Scripture he knew by heart [NICNT1 ]. They p 357 were surprised at his confidence and skill in talking about Scriptural declarations [Gdt ]. It was not that he could read and write or that he knew the Scriptures. They marveled that he could interpret Scripture like the rabbis without having been educated like they were. He also taught with authority, not like the rabbis did, who quoted other authorities [CH ]. His ability to interpret Scripture and his knowledge of it without the teaching of the scribes amazed them [EGT ]. It was his knowledge of Jewish literature and probably the Rabbinical traditions that astonished them [ICC ]. They saw that he was learned without having studied [My ].

QUESTION—What is the meaning of γράμματα οἶδεν ‘he has known letters’?

To know ‘letters’ meant to have an education in general [BAGD , LN , Kn , My , NICNT2 , NTC , TH ; probably also WBC ; CEV , NCV , NET , NIV , NLT , NRSV , Ph , REB , TEV ]. When used without the article and with the verb ‘to know’, the phrase ‘to know letters’ refers to elementary education, especially reading and writing, but it can also refer to ‘higher learning’ [BAGD ]. While it refers to learning, most Jewish learning had to do with Scripture and its interpretation [NTC ]. Here it refers to theological knowledge [My ]. This probably refers to a formal education in the Law under a teacher [Kn , TH ]. ‘Letters’ has a definite reference to the Scriptures [AB , Gdt , HTC , Kn , Lns , NICNT1 , Rd ]. This knowledge of Scripture was usually gained by learning it from a teacher of the Law, yet Jesus had not studied under a teacher of the Law [HTC ]. The word γράμματα ‘letters’ refers primarily to ‘sacred letters’ or Scripture and given the context that is its meaning here [Gdt , NICNT1 ]. The phrase refers to the Rabbinical study of OT literature [Lns ]. They were complaining that Jesus lacked training under a formal teacher in the study of the Law [Kn ].

7:16 So Jesus answered them and said, “My teaching^a is not mine but (is) of-the (one) having-sent me.

LEXICON—a. διδαχή (LN 33.236) (BAGD 2. p. 192): ‘teaching’ [BAGD , Gdt , HTC , LN , NICNT2 , NTC , WBC ; NASB , NET , NIV , NJB , NRSV , Ph , REB ], ‘doctrine’ [AB , LN ; KJV ], ‘message’ [NLT ], ‘what is taught’ [BAGD , LN ]. The statement Ἡ ἐμὴ διδαχὴ οὐκ ἔστιν ἐμὴ ‘My teaching is not mine’ is translated ‘I am not teaching something I thought up’ [CEV ], ‘the things I teach are not my own’ [NCV ]. This noun is derived from διδάσκω ‘to teach’ (33.224) and denotes the content of what is taught [LN ].

QUESTION—How does this statement function as a fitting reply to the Jews?

Jesus is replying to the scornful query of verse 15 [BAR ]. The Jews had not even entertained the thought that Jesus’ teaching could have been from a source superior to a Jewish seminary. They only thought that either he was a product of a rabbinical school or that he was merely expounding his own ideas. And since they knew the first option was not true, they assumed the second was [NTC ]. Jesus takes up the Jews’ point that it was necessary to be a disciple of someone. His Master was God himself [Gdt , Kn ]. The Jews p 358 thought that God’s will was learned only through the Torah and its interpretation. Jesus is claiming to have direct access to the Father himself [BECNT , HTC ]. He was not a self-taught upstart but claimed that his teaching came from his Father [BAR , EGT , ICC ].

QUESTION—How are the nouns related in the genitive construction Ἡ ἐμὴ διδαχὴ ‘My teaching (literally, the teaching of me)’?

The teaching was what Jesus taught [LN , Lns , My ; CEV , NCV , TEV ]: ‘the things I teach’ [NCV ].

QUESTION—What words are emphasized in this verse?

The pronoun ‘my’ is emphasized [Lns , NICNT1 ]: My teaching is not mine. The order of the phrase Ἡ ἐμὴ διδαχὴ ‘My teaching (literally, the my teaching)’ is more emphatic than the possessive pronoun without the article would be [Lns ].

QUESTION—What misunderstanding is possible in translating the words, ‘My teaching is not mine’?

This statement could be wrongly interpreted to mean, ‘My teaching is not my teaching’. Therefore it might be better to put the second member of the contrast first and translate ‘What I teach comes from God, who sent me. My teaching does not come just from me’ [TH ].

QUESTION—How are the nouns related in the genitive construction ‘My teaching is … of the one having sent me’?

Jesus’ teaching comes from the one who sent him [AB , BAR , CH , EGT , NICNT1 , WBC ; CEV , NCV , NET , NIV , NJB , NLT , Ph , TEV ]. Jesus’ teaching belongs to the one having sent him [Lns , My , NICNT2 ]. He was saying that God himself instructed him [IVP , NTC ].

7:17 If anyone wills^a to-do his will, he-will-know about the teaching whether it-is from^b God or I speak from^c myself.

LEXICON—a. pres. act. subj. of θέλω (LN 30.58) (BAGD 2. p. 355): ‘to will’ [BAGD , Gdt ; KJV ], ‘to be willing’ [NTC , WBC ; NASB , TEV ], ‘to want’ [BAGD ; NET , NLT , Ph ], ‘to really want’ [CEV ], ‘to choose’ [AB , NICNT2 ; NCV , NIV , REB ], ‘to purpose’ [LN ], ‘to be prepared’ [NJB ], ‘to resolve’ [NRSV ], ‘to wish, to be ready’ [BAGD ]. This verb is also translated as a noun: ‘(If any man’s) will (is to do his will)’ [HTC ]. This verb means to purpose, generally based on a preference and desire [LN ]. It means the wishing or willing of purpose or resolve [BAGD ].

b. ἐκ (LN 90.16) (BAGD 3.c. p. 235): ‘from’ [BAGD , LN ; all translations except HTC , NTC ; KJV , NASB ], ‘of’ [NTC ; KJV , NASB ], ‘by’ [LN ], not explicit [HTC ]. The phrase ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ ἐστιν ‘it is of God’ is translated ‘(it) comes from God/him’ [AB , Gdt , WBC ; CEV , NCV , NIV , REB , TEV ]. This preposition in the genitive case indicates the source of an activity or state, with the implication of something proceeding from or out of the source [LN ]. Here it is used in the sense of origin or of coming from someone [BAGD ],

p 359 c. ἀπό (LN 90.15) (BAGD V.5. p. 88): ‘from’ [LN ; CEV , NASB , NCV , NET ], ‘of’ [BAGD , Gdt ; KJV ], ‘by’ [LN ]. The phrase ἀπʼ ἐμαυτοῦ ‘from myself’ is translated ‘from my own authority’ [NET ], ‘on my own authority’ [HTC ; Ph , TEV ], ‘on my own’ [AB , NICNT2 ; NIV , NRSV ], ‘on my own account’ [NJB ], ‘(is) merely my own’ [NLT , REB ], ‘I am merely expressing my own views’ [NTC ], ‘I am talking on My own initiative’ [WBC ]. This preposition in the genitive case indicates the source of an implied event [LN ].

QUESTION—What is Jesus’ purpose in saying this?

The Jews had cast doubts on his competence as a teacher. Here he challenges their competence as listeners [NICNT1 ]. Jesus sets out a principle by which his teachings could be evaluated. In order to do this a person had to have the proper disposition [NTC ]. He wants to show that the person whose heart is committed to do God’s will, will recognize that Jesus does speak for God [Kn ]. A person could not by reasoning alone arrive at the truth about the authenticity of Jesus’ teaching, he had to believe in Jesus. Only then would he recognize that Jesus’ teaching really comes from God [Lns ].

QUESTION—What is meant by the verb θέλῃ ‘to will’?

The meaning of ‘willing’ is that the person’s complete will is set on doing God’s will [EGT , NICNT1 ]. This kind of willing involves more than ethical obedience, it includes faith (6:29) [BAR , Lns , NICNT1 ]. It involves the acceptance by faith in God’s plan of salvation [AB ]. It means that the person earnestly seeks to do God’s will [Gdt ]. To ‘will to do God’s will’ means to believe in Jesus as the one God sent [BAR , HTC , Lns ] because that is the primary goal of God’s will (6:40) [HTC , Lns ]. It means to truly desire to obey God [NTC ]. To will to obey God implies the internal orientation of the individual toward God. It means to hunger and thirst for righteousness and to seek God’s kingdom first [IVP ]. It means a personal heart-felt commitment to God’s purposes [Kn ]. In some languages a person can be willing to do something but not actually do it. The point of this verse is that the person actually decides to do God’s will [TH ].

QUESTION—To whom does the pronoun αὐτοῦ ‘his’ refer?

It refers to God [AB , BAR , Lns , TH , TRT , WBC ; CEV , NCV , NET , NIV , NLT , NRSV , Ph , REB , TEV ]: ‘Whoever is willing to do what God wants’ [TEV ].

QUESTION—To what does the ‘will of God’ refer?

1. The will of God involves believing in Jesus [AB , BAR , CAR , CH , HTC , Lns , NICNT1 ]. The will of God is defined in 6:29 and 40 as believing in the one whom he sent [Lns ]. In order to know if Jesus’ teaching is from God, one must make a fundamental commitment to do God’s will and this involves faith. Such knowledge is not gained by attaining a certain level of ethical achievement [CAR ].

2. The will of God should be understood from the Jewish perspective [Gdt , NICNT2 ]. God’s will should not be understood from the perspective of believing in Jesus but rather from how the Jews viewed it. To do God’s p 360 will meant to them to live within His covenant and law as a pious Jew. It is roughly equivalent to ‘doing the truth’ (3:29) or ‘doing good’ (5:29) [NICNT2 ]. The will of God referred to the revelation that the Jews gained through the law and prophets [Gdt ].

QUESTION—To which particular διδαχῆς ‘teaching’ is Jesus referring?

He is referring to his own teaching [TH , TRT ; CEV , NCV , NET , NIV , NJB , NLT , Ph , REB , TEV ]: ‘you will know if what I teach comes from God or from me’ [CEV ].

7:18 The-one speaking from himself seeks^a his-own glory.^b But the-one seeking the glory of-the one-having-sent him this-one is true^c and there-is no unrighteousness^d in him.

LEXICON—a. pres. act. indic. of ζητέω (LN 13.19) (BAGD 2.a. p. 339): ‘to seek’ [AB , Gdt , HTC , NICNT2 , NTC , WBC ; KJV , NASB , NJB , NRSV , REB ], ‘to want’ [NLT ], ‘to desire’ [NET ], ‘to try to get’ [NCV ], ‘to try to gain’ [TEV ], ‘to try to obtain, to desire to possess’ [BAGD ]. The statement τὴν ἰδίαν ζητεῖ ‘seeks his own glory’ is translated ‘(If I) wanted to bring glory (to myself)’ [CEV ], ‘has an eye for his own reputation’ [Ph ], ‘(he who speaks on his own) does so to gain honor for himself’ [NIV ]. This verb means to attempt to attain some state or condition [LN ]. Here it is a somewhat removed from the basic meaning of seeking [BAGD ].

b. δόξα (LN 87.4) (BAGD 3. p. 204): ‘glory’ [AB , Gdt , HTC , NICNT2 , NTC ; KJV , NASB , NLT , NRSV , REB , TEV ], ‘honor’ [BAGD , LN , WBC ; CEV , NCV , NET , NIV , NJB ], ‘reputation’ [Ph ], ‘fame, renown’ [BAGD ], ‘respect, status’ [LN ]. This noun denotes honor as an element in the assignment of status to a person [LN ].

c. ἀληθής (LN 88.39) (BAGD 1. p. 36): ‘true’ [BAGD , Gdt , HTC , NICNT2 , WBC ; KJV , NASB , NJB , NRSV , Ph ], ‘truthful’ [AB , BAGD , LN ], ‘honest’ [BAGD , LN ; TEV ], ‘sincere’ [REB ], ‘truly reliable’ [NTC ], ‘righteous’ [BAGD ], ‘a person of integrity’ [LN ]. The statement οὗτος ἀληθής ἐστιν ‘this one is true’ is translated ‘(he) is a man of truth’ [NIV ], ‘(he) speaks truth’ [NLT ], ‘I tell the truth’ [CEV ], ‘(he) is a man of integrity’ NET ]. This adjective describes someone as being truthful and honest [LN ]. In John this adjective occurs only in 3:33 and 8:26 and in both places describes God. Here it is applied to Jesus [AB , BAR , NICNT1 ].

d. ἀδικία (LN 88.21) (BAGD 2. p. 18): ‘unrighteousness’ [BAGD , Gdt , LN ; KJV , NASB , NET ], ‘dishonesty’ [AB ; NJB , Ph ], ‘falsehood’ [HTC ], ‘injustice, wickedness’ [BAGD ], ‘unjust deed, doing what is unjust’ [LN ]. The statement ἀδικία ἐν αὐτῷ οὐκ ἔστιν ‘there is no unrighteousness in him’ [NET , NASB , NET ] is also translated ‘nothing false is in him’ [NICNT2 ], ‘there is nothing false in him/them’ [NTC , WBC ; NCV , NRSV , REB , TEV ], ‘there is nothing false about him’ [NIV ], ‘(he) speaks … not lies’ [NLT ], ‘I tell (the truth and) not a lie’ [CEV ]. This noun denotes an activity which is unjust [LN ].

p 361 QUESTION—How does this verse relate to the context?

The Jews had insinuated that Jesus was a spurious teacher on the basis that he had not been trained in the rabbinical schools. This was base slander. To this Jesus provides the true criterion for a bona fide teacher. The criterion is based on whose glory the teacher focused on, his own or his sender’s. Only the latter was a true teacher [Lns ].

QUESTION—To whom does the ‘true’ teacher apply in this verse?

The true teacher who only tried to bring honor to his sender is Jesus [AB , BECNT , BAR , CAR , EGT , NICNT1 ]. It applies in general to whomever the messenger is [NICNT2 , NTC ].

DISCOURSE UNIT—7:19–24 [WBC ]. The topic is Jesus and the Law.

7:19 Has- not^a Moses -given you the law?^b And/yet^c none of you does^d the law. Why are-you(pl)-trying to-kill me?”

LEXICON—a. οὐ (LN 69.11): ‘not’ [LN ; all translations except NCV , NLT ], not explicit [NCV , NLT ]. This negative particle indicates that an affirmative response is expected to a question [LN ]. The question is also translated as a declarative statement ‘Moses gave you the law’ [NCV , NLT ].

b. νόμος (LN 33.55) (BAGD 3. p. 542): ‘law’ [BAGD , Gdt , HTC , NICNT2 , NTC ; KJV , NCV , NIV , NET , NRSV , REB ], ‘Law’ [AB , LN , WBC ; CEV , NASB , NJB , Ph , TEV ]. It refers to the law that Moses received from God [BAGD ]. See the definition of this noun at 1:17. This word occurs at 1:17, 45; 7:19, 23, 49, 51; 8:5, 17; 10:34; 12:34; 15:25; 18:31; 19:7].

c. καί (LN 91.12): ‘and’ [NICNT2 ], ‘yet’ [AB , HTC , LN , NTC , WBC ; CEV , NIV , NET , NRSV , Ph , REB ], ‘and yet’ [BAR , Gdt , ICC ; NASB , NJB ], ‘and [yet]’ [KJV ], ‘but’ [NCV , NLT , TEV ], ‘then, indeed, how is it then’ [LN ]. This conjunction indicates emphasis, involving surprise and unexpectedness [LN ]. This καί is adversative meaning ‘and yet’ [BAR ]. Καί is used here for καίτοι ‘and yet’ [ICC ].

d. pres. act. indic. of ποιέω (LN 90.45) (BAGD I.1.c.α. p. 682): ‘to do’ [LN , NICNT2 ], ‘to keep’ [AB , Gdt , HTC , NTC , WBC ; KJV , NIV , NET , NJB , NRSV , REB ], ‘to obey’ [CEV , NCV , NLT , Ph , TEV ], ‘to carry out’ [NASB ], ‘to perform, to practice, to make’ [LN ].

QUESTION—How is this verse related to the previous verses?

The reference to Moses links back to verse 17 and the need to do the will of God in order to know if Jesus’ teaching were from God. It is in the Law of Moses that the will of God is found [BAR ].

QUESTION—What is the function of the rhetorical question, ‘Has not Moses given you the law?’

The negative particle οὐ indicates that a positive answer is expected [CAR , LN , NTC , TH , TRT ; NCV , NLT , TEV ]: ‘Moses gave you the Law, didn’t he?’ [TEV ]. In some languages a rhetorical question may be misleading without a reply to it. So it may be better to translate it as a strong declarative p 362 statement like, ‘Moses certainly gave you the Law’ or ‘You will all agree, Moses gave you the Law’ [TH ]. That Moses was the lawgiver was common knowledge among the Jews [NICNT2 ].

QUESTION—How did the Jews not keep the law?

1. They were trying to find ways to kill Jesus which was against the law [AB , BAR , CAR , CH , IVP , Kn , Lns , NICNT1 , NICNT2 , NTC , Rd , WBC ]. Exodus 20:13 forbids murder. In this way they were breaking the law [NICNT2 ].

2. Jesus has in mind verses 22 and 23 that show how the Jews acted against the law. They put themselves above the law when they broke the Sabbath by circumcising a boy. Yet they blamed Jesus for doing the same by healing a man on the Sabbath [Gdt ].

3. Jesus had in mind both their intention to kill him and their breaking of the Sabbath in order to circumcise on the eighth day (verse 22) [My ].

QUESTION—Is the final question, ‘Why are you trying to kill me?’ real or rhetorical?

It is rhetorical. Jesus is not asking the Jews to give the reason they are trying to kill him but rather is declaring that this is their intention [NICNT2 ]. The rulers were plotting to kill Jesus. The question is stronger than a statement would be [Lns ]. The word ‘why?’ means ‘with what right?’ [My ].

7:20 The crowd answered, “You-have^a a-demon.^b Who is-seeking to kill you?”

LEXICON—a. pres. act. indic. of ἔχω (LN 90.65) (BAGD I.2.e.a. p. 332): ‘to have’ [BAGD , HTC , LN , NICNT2 , NTC , WBC ; KJV , NASB , NRSV , TEV ], ‘to possess’ [BAGD ], ‘to experience’ [LN ]. The statement Δαιμόνιον ἔχεις ‘You have a demon’ is translated ‘A demon has come into you’ [NCV ], ‘You are possessed by a demon!’ [Gdt ; NET ], ‘You are demon-possessed’ [NIV , NLT ], ‘You are possessed!’ [REB ], ‘You’re crazy!’ [CEV ], ‘You are mad!’ [NJB ], ‘You must be mad!’ [Ph ], ‘You’re demented’ [AB ]. This verb means to experience a state or condition, generally involving duration [LN ].

b. δαιμόνιον (LN 12.37) (BAGD 2. p. 169): ‘demon’ [BAGD , Gdt , HTC , LN , NICNT2 , NTC , WBC ; NASB , NCV , NET , NIV , NLT , NRSV , TEV ], ‘devil’ [KJV ], ‘evil spirit’ [BAGD , LN ], not explicit [AB ; CEV , NJB , Ph , REB ]. This noun denotes an evil supernatural being or spirit [LN ]. It denotes an independent being who occupies a position somewhere between the human and the divine. These are said to enter into persons and cause illness, especially of the mental variety [BAGD ].

QUESTION—Is it actually the ‘crowd’ that answers?

In some languages it is not possible to have a crowd speak. To solve this a person could translate ‘Some people in the crowd answered’ [TH , TRT ].

QUESTION—To what specific group of people does the word ‘crowd’ refer?

The ‘crowd’ refers to those who were unaware of what the rulers had planned [BAR , Gdt , HTC , ICC , IVP , Lns , My , NICNT1 , NTC , Rd , WBC ]. p 363 The residents of Jerusalem are aware of the rulers’ desire to kill Jesus so this probably refers to some of the pilgrims who were non-residents [IVP , Lns , My , NICNT1 ]. The ‘crowd’ may very well include the Jewish leaders since Jesus had come to the festival in secret and therefore the people there, including the leaders, do not know who this ‘untaught’ pilgrim is [NICNT2 ].

QUESTION—Does the statement ‘You have a demon’ mean that Jesus was demon-possessed or simply that he was insane?

1. It means that Jesus was demon-possessed [BAGD , CH , Lns , My , NICNT1 , NTC , TH , TRT ; NCV , NET , NIV , NLT ]. The people think that an evil spirit had taken possession of Jesus’ mind and made him insane [NTC ]. They blasphemed by charging Jesus with demon-possession [CH ]. They think an evil spirit must be influencing him and making him think that he is being persecuted [Lns , My ].

2. This statement means only that Jesus was insane [AB , BAR , CAR , EGT , Gdt , ICC , IVP , Kn , NICNT2 , WBC ; CEV , NJB , Ph ]. It means that he was thinking gloomy thoughts and baseless suspicions. Despondency, melancholy and gloomy thoughts were thought of as demon possession [Gdt ]. In 10:20 a similar accusation is made ‘He has a demon and is mad’. This means that they were charging Jesus with harboring insane imaginations [CAR , WBC ]. The non-residents of Jerusalem simply mean that Jesus was crazy, while the authorities are more serious about the meaning of the accusation (8:48) [IVP ]. Greek sources referred to insanity in terms of being possessed by a god. Here is it used to mean, ‘You are crazy’ [Kn ]. They meant Jesus was merely obsessive about the idea that people were trying to kill him [EGT ].

QUESTION—Is the question ‘Who is trying to kill you?’ real or rhetorical?

It is rhetorical [CH , HTC , Lns , My , NICNT2 ; CEV , NCV ] and means ‘We are not trying to kill you’ [NCV ], ‘What makes you think someone is trying to kill you? [CEV ]. Their question is a disclaimer that anyone was trying to kill him [NICNT2 ]. Their question reveals how unthinkable it is that the authorities would be planning to kill him [Lns ]. The question shows the peoples’ amazement that such an admirable teacher should harbor such a dark thought [My ]. They deny that anyone wanted to kill Jesus even though this was common knowledge in Jerusalem. This was then a lie to add to their offenses against the law [CH ].

7:21 Jesus answered and said to-them, “One work I-did and you-are- all-amazed.^a

LEXICON—a. pres. act. indic. of θαυμάζω (LN 25.213) (BAGD 1.a.α. p. 352): ‘to be amazed’ [LN , NICNT2 , NTC , WBC ; CEV , NCV , NET , NJB , NLT , Ph ], ‘to marvel’ [BAGD , HTC , LN ; KJV , NASB ], ‘to be astonished’ [BAGD ; NIV , NRSV ], ‘to be in astonishment’ [Gdt ], ‘to be surprised’ [TEV ], ‘to be shocked’ [AB ], ‘to be taken aback’ [REB ] ‘to wonder’ [BAGD ]. This verb is derived from θαῦμα ‘wonder, amazement,’ (25.212) and means to wonder or marvel at some event or object (whether p 364 the reaction is favorable or unfavorable depends on the context) [BAGD , LN ].

QUESTION—How is Jesus’ response an answer to what the crowd has just said?

They doubted anyone was trying to kill him. Jesus points back to 5:18 where the leaders did plot to kill him because of his healing of the man at the pool of Bethesda [NTC ].

QUESTION—To which ‘work’ did Jesus refer?

Jesus is referring to a work done on the Sabbath for which the Jews were seeking his death [Gdt ]. He was referring to his healing of a man on the Sabbath as recorded in chapter 5 [AB , BAR , BECNT , CAR , EGT , HTC , Kn , Lns , My , NICNT1 , NICNT2 , NTC , TH , WBC ] and because of that the Jewish leaders were trying to kill him (5:18) [AB , HTC , NTC , WBC ].

QUESTION—What is meant by θαυμάζω ‘to be amazed’?

To be amazed does not have to imply approval [NTC ]. It means that they were puzzled by the one ‘work’ Jesus had done [ICC ]. On this occasion ‘to be amazed’ has negative connotations [TRT ]. They were perplexed and offended by his ‘work’ [Gdt , Rd ]. They were horrified [EGT , Gdt , WBC ], and scandalized [EGT , IVP ]. They were amazed because he had broken the Sabbath when he performed that ‘work’ [AB , Gdt , ICC , Lns , My , NTC ]. It indicates their shocked disbelief. They were offended by his work on the Sabbath and could not understand it [HTC ]. Jesus had not only done this miracle on the Sabbath, he had even told the man to carry his bedding on that day [NTC ].

7:22 Because-of^a this Moses has-given you(pl) circumcision^b—not that it-is of-Moses but of the fathers^c—and you(pl)-circumcise (a) man^d on (the) Sabbath.

LEXICON—a. διά (LN 90.44): ‘because of, on account of, for this reason’ [LN ], not explicit [WBC ; CEV , NCV , NLT , NRSV , TEV ]. The phrase διὰ τοῦτο ‘because of this’ is translated ‘for this reason’ [Gdt ; NASB ], ‘therefore’ [KJV ], ‘however, because’ [NET ], ‘yet, because’ [NIV ], ‘but consider’ [REB ], ‘that is why’ [NICNT2 ], ‘it is for that reason that I say to you’ [NTC ]. Some translations join this phrase to the end of verse 21: ‘(all of you are shocked) on that account’ [AB ], ‘(you are all amazed/you all marvel) at it’ [HTC ; NJB , Ph ]. This accusative preposition indicates the participant constituting the cause or reason for an event or state [LN ].

b. περιτομή (LN 53.51) (BAGD 1. p. 652): ‘circumcision’ [BAGD , LN ]. The words Μωϋσῆς δέδωκεν ὑμῖν τὴν περιτομήν ‘Moses has given/gave you circumcision’ [AB , Gdt , HTC , NICNT2 , WBC ; KJV , NASB , NIV , NRSV , Ph ] is also translated ‘Moses gave you the law about/of circumcision’ [NCV , REB ], ‘Moses gave you the rite/practice of circumcision’ [NTC ; NET ], ‘Moses commanded/ordered you to circumcise your sons’ [CEV , TEV ], ‘Moses ordered you to practice circumcision’ [NJB ], ‘(you work on the Sabbath, too, when you obey) p 365 Moses’ law of circumcision’ [NLT ]. This noun denotes the cutting off the foreskin of the male genital organ as a religious rite involving consecration and ethnic identification [LN ].

c. πατήρ (LN 10.20): ‘father’ [Gdt , HTC , NICNT2 , NTC ; KJV , NASB ], ‘forefather’ [LN ; NET , Ph ], ‘ancestor’ [LN ; CEV , NCV , TEV ], ‘patriarch’ [AB , WBC ; NJB , NIV , NLT , NRSV , REB ]. This noun denotes a person several preceding generations removed from the reference person [LN ].

d. ἄνθρωπος (LN 9.24): ‘man’ [AB , Gdt , HTC , LN , NICNT2 , WBC ; KJV , NASB , NRSV , Ph ], ‘person’ [NTC ], ‘male child’ [NET ], ‘boy’ [TEV ], ‘son’ [CEV ], ‘child’ [NIV ], ‘baby’ [NCV ], not explicit [NJB , NLT , REB ]. Although the Greek word ἄνθρωπος literally means ‘man’, in the context it refers to a boy. Gentile adult males were circumcised but probably not on the Sabbath. But a baby boy had to be circumcised on the eighth day even if that day fell on a Sabbath. According to Jewish teaching this ceremony took precedence over the law of working on the Sabbath [TH ].

QUESTION—Does the phrase διὰ τοῦτο ‘because of this’ go with this verse or with the end of verse 21, and what do they mean?

1. The phrase functions as an introduction to this verse [BAR , CAR , Gdt , GNT , EGT , IVP , My , NICNT1 , NICNT2 , NTC , Rd , WBC ; KJV , NASB , NET , NIV ]. The reason why they circumcised on the Sabbath, was because Moses had given them the rite of circumcision [Gdt , WBC ; NET ]: ‘However, because Moses gave you the practice of circumcision … you circumcise a male child on the Sabbath’ [NET ]. Although it makes good sense to construe this phrase with verse 21, ‘you are all astonished on account of this’, still this opposes John’s usage of putting this phrase typically at the beginning of its clause [CAR , NICNT2 ]. This then means that God established the priority of circumcision above the Sabbath so as to convince the Jewish leaders that the welfare of the whole man takes precedence over the Sabbath [NICNT2 ]. The phrase is probably elliptical meaning ‘It is for that reason that I say to you’. His intent was to show them that their criticism of his healing on the Sabbath as a Sabbath-violation was weak. They themselves worked on the Sabbath by circumcising baby boys [NTC ]. The phrase is elliptical meaning ‘Therefore I say to you’ or ‘Therefore you should rather first consider’ [Rd ]. The word ‘this’ refers back to the healing that Jesus had performed on the Sabbath in which he restored a man to full health [CAR , IVP ]. So the meaning is that it was because of this complete renewal that Moses gave the practice of circumcision. Circumcision was viewed as a perfecting rite in which one part of the body was perfected. So it is much more reasonable that Jesus’ perfecting of a whole man should be recognized as a legitimate ‘work’ on the Sabbath along with circumcision [CAR ]. John never ends a portion with the phrase ‘because of this’. Rather, Jesus’ argument is that the reason Moses prescribed circumcision on the Sabbath was to give a precedent for such activities as healing on the Sabbath and p 366 the true meaning of both the Sabbath and circumcision is seen in Jesus’ healing a man. Rather than transgressing Moses’ Law, he was fulfilling its true meaning [NICNT1 ]. The reason Moses established circumcision was that it might stand as a type of the complete restoration of human nature which Jesus was doing [BAR ]. The phrase should be construed with the words, ‘not that it is of Moses but of the fathers’ as follows: ‘Therefore Moses gave you circumcision, not because it originated with Moses, but (because it originated) with the fathers, and so you circumcise’ [My ]. He means, because I healed on the Sabbath to impart health, so Moses circumcised on the Sabbath to impart health [EGT ].

2. The phrase goes with the end of verse 21 and it functions as a complement to the verb ‘be amazed’ in that verse [AB , HTC , ICC , Lns , TH , TRT ; NJB , Ph ]: You were all amazed because of this. While it is true that in John this phrase ‘because of this’ always stands at the beginning of a sentence in John, it is also true that θαυμάζειν διά ‘he was amazed because of’ does occur in Mark 6:6 and Revelation 17:7. In this case τοῦτο ‘this’ would refer back to the ‘one work’ in focus in verse 21 [HTC ]. Most modern versions take these words as ending verse 21 and TEV does so by implication. It could be translated ‘because of it you marveled’ or ‘this miracle caused you to be surprised’ [TH ]. This usage of διὰ ‘because’ following the verb θαυμάζω ‘to be amazed’ is similar to Mark 6:6 where Jesus was amazed because of their lack of faith. The Jews were astonished by this, that is, by his miracle of healing. Taking these words to begin verse 22 is difficult interpret and requires supplying too much implied information. It is simpler to take it to mean, ‘You are all astonished by this’ [ICC ].

3. Some do not translate these words, perhaps on the basis that they were redundant in 21 and difficult to interpret as an introduction to 22 [CEV , NCV , NLT , NRSV , REB , TEV ].

QUESTION—In what way did Moses ‘give’ them the rite of circumcision?

He gave it in the sense that he prescribed it as law [Rd ]. The literal expression ‘gave you circumcision’ means ‘ordered you to circumcise’ [TH ].

QUESTION—Who is the implied object of the verbal noun ‘circumcision’?

Since ‘sons’ are the only ones who were circumcised, TEV makes that explicit [TH , TRT ; CEV , TEV ]: ‘Moses ordered you to circumcise your sons … and so you circumcise a boy on the Sabbath’ [TEV ].

QUESTION—How are the two nouns related in the genitive constructions περιτομήν … τοῦ Μωϋσέως ‘circumcision … of Moses’, περιτομήν … ἐκ τῶν πατέρων ‘circumcision … of the fathers’?

Circumcision did not originate with Moses [AB , Gdt , HTC , Lns , My , NICNT2 , NTC , TH , TRT , WBC ; NASB , NCV , NET , NIV , NJB , NLT , NRSV , REB , TEV ]. Moses did not give the order to circumcise [CEV ]. Moses did not start circumcision, the fathers started it [TH ; TEV ].

p 367 QUESTION—When did the practice of circumcision begin?

Circumcision was begun with Abraham in Genesis 17:9–14 long before the time of Moses [AB , BAR , BECNT , CAR , ICC , IVP , NICNT2 , NTC , Rd , TRT ]. Moses later prescribed it as law in Leviticus 12:3 [AB , BAR , IVP , NICNT1 , NICNT2 , NTC , Rd , TRT ] or Exodus 12:44ff. [CAR ].

QUESTION—How is it best to translate the statement set off by dashes, ‘not that it is of Moses but of the fathers’?

Because the reader must keep this part in his memory while waiting for the final clause, it might be best to rearrange the verse and put this part at the end as follows: ‘You circumcise a boy on the Sabbath, just as Moses ordered you to do (although it was not Moses who initiated circumcision but it was your ancestors who started the process of circumcising)’ [TH , TRT ].

QUESTION—What was it that gave circumcision precedence over the Sabbath law?

It was because circumcision originated with the fathers and preceded the law of the Sabbath that it took precedence over it [BAR , My , NTC ]. Circumcision was performed first by Abraham, the heir to the promise and both circumcision and the promise preceded the Mosaic law and took precedence over it (Galatians 3:17) [BAR , CAR ]. The Jews held that the command to circumcise was so binding that they understood it to override the law of the Sabbath and supported it by the Mishnah, Shab. 18:3; 19:1, 2; Ned 3:11 [NICNT1 ]. Shab. 19.2 read, ‘One can do anything that is necessary for circumcision on the Sabbath’ [WBC ]. The matter of historical origin is a side issue as shown by the parentheses. The main point was that it was Moses who gave them the law of circumcision and still they were circumcising on the Sabbath [Lns ].

7:23 If (a) man receives circumcision on (the) Sabbath so-that the law of-Moses may- not -be-broken,^a are-you(pl)-angry^b with-me because I-made (a) whole^c man well^d on (the) Sabbath?

LEXICON—a. aorist pass. subj. of λύω (LN 36.30) (BAGD 4. p. 484): ‘to be broken’ [Gdt , HTC , LN , NTC , WBC ; KJV , NASB , NET , NIV , NJB , NRSV , TEV ], ‘to be transgressed’ [LN ], ‘to be abolished’ [BAGD , NICNT2 ], ‘to be destroyed, to be brought to an end, to be done away with’ [BAGD ]. The words ἵνα μὴ λυθῇ ὁ νόμος Μωϋσέως ‘so that the law of Moses may not be broken’ is translated ‘so as not to break the law of Moses’ [NLT ], ‘to avoid breaking the Law/law of Moses’ [Ph , REB ], ‘to prevent violation of the Mosaic Law’ [AB ], ‘in order to/to obey the Law of Moses’ [CEV , NCV ]. This verb means to fail to conform to a law or regulation, with a possible implication of regarding it as invalid [LN ]. In John, Jesus is accused not of breaking the Sabbath, but of doing away with it [BAGD ].

b. pres. act. indic. of χολάω (LN 88.171) (BAGD p. 883): ‘to be angry’ [BAGD , LN , all translations except REB ], ‘to be indignant’ [REB ], ‘to be very angry, to be full of anger’ [LN ]. This verb means to have a strong p 368 feeling of displeasure and antagonism as the result of some real or supposed wrong [LN ].

c. ὅλος (LN 59.29, 78.44) (BAGD 1. p. 564): ‘whole, entire’ [BAGD , LN (59.29)], ‘complete’ [BAGD , LN (78.44)]. The adjective ὅλον ‘whole’ modifies the noun ‘man’: ‘a man’s/person’s/someone’s whole body’ [HTC , NCV , WBC ; NRSV , REB ], ‘the/a whole man’ [AB , NICNT2 ; NIV ], ‘an entire man’ [NASB ], ‘a man’ [NLT ]. It modifies the adjective ‘healthy’: ‘completely healthy’ [NJB ], ‘completely well’ [NTC ; CEV , NET , TEV ], ‘perfectly whole’ [Ph ], ‘every whit whole’ [KJV ], ‘healed (a man) altogether’ [Gdt ]. This adjective indicates a totality as a complete unit [LN (59.29)], or it indicates a degree of totality or completeness [LN (78.44)].

d. ὑγιής (LN 23.129) (BAGD 1.a. p. 832): ‘well’ [HTC , LN , NICNT2 , NTC ; CEV , NASB , NET , REB , TEV ], ‘healthy’ [BAGD , LN ; NJB ], ‘whole’ [KJV , Ph ], ‘sound’ [BAGD ]. This adjective indicates the state of being healthy or well (in contrast with sickness) [LN ]. To make someone healthy means ‘to cure someone, to restore someone to health’ [BAGD ].

QUESTION—What type of debate did Jesus use in this verse?

He used an argument from the lesser to the greater [AB , BAR , BECNT , HTC , ICC , IVP , Kn , Lns , My , NICNT2 , Rd , TH ]. This type of argument was common of Rabbinic debate [AB , BAR , BECNT , HTC , IVP ]. Among the Jews, if two laws clashed, it was necessary to choose which one had priority. They had already decided that circumcision had priority over the law of the Sabbath. Jesus is arguing that the law of mercy also should have priority over the Sabbath law. If the law of circumcision that affects only one part of the body has priority over the Sabbath, it is even more reasonable that the law of mercy that affects the good of a man’s whole body should also have priority over the Sabbath [TH ]. The Jews circumcised on the Sabbath so as to fulfill the law of Moses. How much more then did the healing of the whole man fulfill that law! Therefore when the Jews were angry with Jesus over his action, they were actually opposing the very law of Moses in its clear intent [Rd ]. Jesus’ argument is that circumcision was primarily concerned with a single member, and he had made a complete man healthy [AB , BAR , ICC , Lns , My , NICNT1 , TH ]. His argument contrasted a beneficial act involving a single member versus a beneficial act involving the entire body [Lns ]. Jesus was not arguing for reasons to break the Sabbath. He saw his healing of the man as fulfilling God’s redemptive purpose to which the law pointed [BAR , BECNT , CAR , IVP , NICNT1 , Rd ].

QUESTION—What does the rhetorical question ἐμοὶ χολᾶτε ‘are you angry with me’ indicate?

It indicates that they should not have been angry with Jesus [HTC , My , NICNT2 , TH , TRT ; CEV , NCV , NET , NIV , NJB , NLT , Ph , REB , TEV ]: ‘Why are you angry with/at me?’ [TRT ; CEV , NCV , NET , NIV , NJB , TEV ], ‘you have no right to be angry with me’ [TRT ]. Jesus’ question implies that p 369 they had no reason to be angry at him because he had actually done good on the Sabbath [NICNT2 ].

7:24 Do- not -judge^a according-to appearance,^b but judge the right^c judgment.

LEXICON—a. pres. act. impera. of κρίνω (LN 56.30, 30.75) (BAGD 6.a. p. 452): ‘to judge’ [BAGD ; all translations except NLT ], ‘to pass judgment on, express an opinion about’ [BAGD ], ‘to judge as guilty, to condemn’ [LN (56.30)], ‘to come to a conclusion, to decide, to make up one’s mind’ [LN (30.75)]. The words μὴ κρίνετε κατʼ ὄψιν ‘do not judge according to appearance’ is translated ‘look beneath the surface’ [NLT ]. This verb means to judge a person to be guilty and liable to punishment [LN (56.30)], or to come to a conclusion in the process of thinking and thus to be in a position to make a decision [LN (30.75)]. It indicates the kind of judgment that people customarily pass on the lives and actions of their fellowmen [BAGD ]. Κρίνω has a double meaning of ‘to judge’ and ‘to condemn’ [HTC , TRT ] and both are intended here [HTC ]. The negative present imperative indicates that the action is going on and should be stopped [BAR , BECNT , CAR , Lns , NICNT1 , NICNT2 , NTC , TH , WBC ; NCV , NIV , NJB , REB , TEV ]. This prohibition implies that the Jews were guilty of judging superficially [NICNT1 ].

b. ὄψις (LN 30.14) (BAGD 2. p. 601): ‘appearance’ [AB , Gdt , HTC , NICNT2 , WBC ; CEV , KJV , NASB , NIV , NJB , NRSV , Ph , REB ], ‘external appearance’ [NET ], ‘outward appearance’ [BAGD , LN ], ‘external form’ [LN ]. The phrase κατʼ ὄψιν ‘according to appearance(s)’ [WBC ; NASB ] is also translated ‘according to the appearance’ [Gdt ; KJV ], ‘by appearance(s)’ [AB , HTC , NICNT2 ; CEV , REB ], ‘by mere appearances’ [NIV ], ‘by the appearance of things’ [Ph ], ‘by the way things look’ [NCV ], ‘by external standards’ [TEV ], ‘(Stop judging) superficially’ [NTC ], ‘(look) beneath the surface’ [NLT ]. This noun denotes that which is thought to be true but is not necessarily so, since it is based on mere appearance and external form [LN ]. It denotes the external and purely formal side of things [Gdt ].

c. δίκαιος (LN 88.12) (BAGD 4. p. 196): ‘right’ [HTC ; CEV , NCV , NJB , NRSV ], ‘just’ [BAGD , LN , NTC , WBC ; REB ], ‘righteous’ [BAGD , LN ; KJV , NASB ], ‘proper’ [NET ], ‘honest’ [AB ]. The words τὴν δικαίαν κρίσιν κρίνετε ‘judge the right judgment’ [NICNT2 ] is also translated ‘judge by what is really right’ [NCV ], ‘let your judgement be according to what is right’ [NJB ], ‘you can judge correctly’ [NLT ], ‘judge … by the reality’ [Ph ], ‘be just in your judgements’ [REB ], ‘render just judgment’ [NTC ], ‘let your judgment be ever just’ [WBC ], ‘judge by true standards’ [TEV ], ‘given an honest judgment’ [AB ], ‘pronounce the judgment which is in accordance with righteousness’ [Gdt ]. This adjective indicates a quality of being in accordance with what God requires [LN ].

p 370 QUESTION—In this context what did it mean to judge according to appearance?

It meant to consider Jesus’ action a violation of the Sabbath [BAR , EGT , Gdt , HTC , Lns , My , Rd ].

QUESTION—Who is the implied object of the first occurrence of κρίνω ‘to judge’?

Jesus is the implied object [CAR , HTC , NICNT2 , TH ]: Do not judge me. Or Jesus’ action is the implied object [HTC , My , TH ]: Do not judge what I have done.

QUESTION—What does τὴν δικαίαν κρίσιν κρίνετε ‘judge the right judgment’ mean?

1 Samuel 16:7 is a good example of this kind of judgment. It reads ‘The Lord does not look at the things man looks at. Man looks at the outward appearance, but the Lord looks at the heart’ [NTC ]. They should judge with fairness, without any partiality or favoritism. Judging right judgment means to do the will of God [NICNT2 ]. It involved seeking to do God’s will and not one’s own [IVP ]. Jesus wanted the Jews to test his works by the will of God and the law of Moses [Rd ]. If they had judged rightly they would have seen that Jesus had fulfilled Moses law [BECNT ]. To judge right judgment is to judge fairly [ICC ]. True judgment would have seen in the man carrying his bed, a public announcement of the wonderful blessing he was given by God’s kindness, not a violation of the Sabbath [Lns ].

DISCOURSE UNIT—7:25–44 [BECNT , TRT ; NIV ]. The topic is the identity of the Messiah [BECNT , TRT ; NIV ].

DISCOURSE UNIT—7:25–39 [Rd ]. The topic is Jesus among the pilgrims.

DISCOURSE UNIT—7:25–36 [CAR , IVP ; NET , NLT ]. The topic is Jesus reveals himself as the Messiah [CAR , IVP ], Jesus’ identity [NET , NLT ].

DISCOURSE UNIT—7:25–31 [GNT , NICNT1 , WBC ; NCV , NRSV , TEV ]. The topic is Jesus’ identity [GNT , NICNT1 ; NCV , NRSV , TEV ], Jesus’ origin [WBC ].

7:25 Therefore/then^a some of the inhabitants-of-Jerusalem^b were saying, “Is not this whom they-are-trying^c to kill?

LEXICON—a. οὖν (LN 89.50, 89.127) (BAGD 2.b. p. 593): ‘therefore’ [BAGD , LN (89.50); Gdt , HTC , NTC ; WBC ], ‘so’ [LN (89.50), NICNT2 ; NASB ], ‘consequently, accordingly, so then’ [LN (89.50)], ‘then’ [BAGD , LN (89.127); KJV , NCV , NET ], ‘at that point’ [NIV ], ‘now’ [BAGD ; NRSV ], ‘meanwhile’ [NJB ], not explicit [CEV , NLT , Ph , TEV ]. This conjunction is also translated as a clause: ‘this prompted’ [REB ], ‘this led’ [AB ]. It indicates result, often implying the conclusion of a process of reasoning [LN (89.50)]. In certain contexts this conjunction may also serve as a type of transition [LN (89.127)]. Here it indicates a transition to something new [BAGD ]. The word ‘therefore’ indicates the p 371 surprise Jesus’ listeners had on hearing the freedom of his preaching [Gdt ].

b. Ἱεροσολυμίτης (LN 93.481) (BAGD p. 373): ‘inhabitant of Jerusalem’ [BAGD ], ‘a person from Jerusalem’ [LN ]. The plural is translated ‘people from/of Jerusalem’ [AB , HTC , WBC ; CEV , NASB , NIV , NJB , NRSV , Ph , REB , TEV ], ‘people who lived in Jerusalem’ [NCV , NLT ], ‘inhabitants of Jerusalem’ [Gdt ], ‘residents of Jerusalem’ [NET ], ‘them of Jerusalem’ [KJV ], ‘Jerusalemites’ [NICNT2 ], ‘the people’ [NTC ]. This noun is derived from Ἱεροσόλυμα ‘Jerusalem,’ and denotes an inhabitant of Jerusalem [LN ]. This is the third group of people at the feast. The first group was ‘the Jews’ or those hostile to Jesus. Then there was ‘the crowd’ of pilgrims who did not know much about Jesus. Finally there were the Jerusalemites who were aware of the plot to arrest Jesus [NICNT2 ]. These residents of Jerusalem were better informed as to the real intentions of the rulers whose headquarters were there in Jerusalem [CAR , Lns , My , NTC , WBC ].

c. pres. act. indic. of ζητέω (LN 68.60): ‘to try’ [LN ; NET , NIV , NLT , NRSV , Ph , TEV ], ‘to seek’ [Gdt , HTC , LN , NTC , WBC ; KJV , NASB , NICNT2 ], ‘to want’ [AB ; CEV , NJB , REB ]. This verb means to seek to do something, but without success [LN ].

QUESTION—What reply is expected to the question, Οὐχ οὗτός ἐστιν ὃν ζητοῦσιν ἀποκτεῖναι ‘Is not this whom they are trying to kill’?

The negative particle οὐ ‘not’ in a question implies that a positive response is expected [BAGD (4.c. p. 590), HTC , IVP , Lns , NICNT1 , TH , TRT , WBC ; NCV ]: ‘This is the man they were seeking to kill, isn’t it?’ [WBC ]. This rhetorical question can be rendered as a strong declarative statement ‘This man is surely the one the authorities are trying to kill’ [TH ; NCV ]. The question expresses amazement [TRT ].

7:26 And look^a he-speaks openly and they-say nothing to-him. Can-(it)-be^b (that) the rulers truly knew that this-man is the Christ?^c

LEXICON—a. ἰδού (LN 91.13) (BAGD 2. p. 369): ‘look’ [LN , NICNT2 , NTC , WBC ; NASB , TEV ], ‘here he is’ [AB , HTC ; CEV , NET , NIV , NJB , NLT , NRSV , REB ], ‘lo’ [KJV ], ‘behold’ [Gdt ], ‘it’s amazing’ [Ph ], ‘listen, pay attention, come now, then’ [LN ], not explicit [NCV ]. This particle functions as a prompter of attention, or serves to emphasize a following statement [LN ]. Here it introduces something unexpected [BAGD ]. The phrase καὶ ἴδε ‘and look’ indicates surprise and emphasis [TH ].

b. μήποτε (LN 71.18) (BAGD 3.a. p. 519): ‘can (it) be’ [BAGD , LN ], ‘whether perhaps’ [BAGD , LN ], ‘might be’ [LN ]. The question ‘Can (it) be that the rulers truly knew that this man is the Christ?’ is translated ‘Can it be that the leaders/authorities/they really know that he/this is the Messiah/Christ?’ [LN , HTC ; NRSV , TEV ], ‘Do you suppose the authorities know that he is the Messiah?’ [CEV ], ‘The rulers do not really p 372 know that this is the Christ, do they?’ [NASB ], ‘Do the rulers know indeed that this is the very Christ?’ [KJV ], ‘Maybe the leaders have decided that he really is the Christ’ [NCV ], ‘Do the rulers really know that this man is the Christ?’ [NET ], ‘Have the authorities really concluded that he is the Christ?’ [NIV ], ‘Can it be true the authorities have recognized that he is the Christ?’ [NJB ], ‘Could our leaders possibly believe that he is the Messiah?’ [NLT ], ‘Surely our rulers haven’t decided that this really is Christ!’ [Ph ], ‘Can it be that our rulers have decided that this is the Messiah? [REB ], ‘Have even the authorities recognized that this is truly the Messiah?’ [AB ], ‘Can the rulers indeed have recognized the fact that he is the Christ?’ [Gdt ], ‘Do the rulers truly know that he is the Christ?’ [NICNT2 ], ‘Can it possibly be that the rulers have really found out that he is the Christ?’ [WBC ], ‘Can it be that the authorities have really come to know?’ [BAGD ]. This negative particle gives the sense of not being certain [LN ].

c. Χριστός (LN 53.82) (BAGD 1. p. 887): ‘Christ’ [BAGD , Gdt , HTC , NICNT2 , NTC , WBC ; KJV , NCV , NET , NIV , NJB , Ph ], ‘Messiah’ [AB , BAGD , LN , LN ; CEV , NLT , NRSV , REB , TEV ], ‘the Anointed One’ [BAGD ]. This noun literally means ‘one who has been anointed’ and in the NT it is a title for Jesus as the Messiah [LN ]. Here it is used as the equivalent of the Jewish term Messiah [TH ].

QUESTION—What is meant by the statement οὐδὲν αὐτῷ λέγουσιν ‘they say nothing to him?’

This means that they said nothing against Jesus [NICNT1 , TH ; TEV ], or that they didn’t try to stop him [ICC ; NCV ]. It was a common Rabbinic expression that implied tacit approval [AB , BECNT ] or allowed someone go his own way without raising objections about what he did [Rd ]. They did not arrest him and carry out their intention to kill him [Lns ]. The pronoun ‘they’ probably refers to the Jewish authorities who had said nothing to Jesus [TH , TRT ].

QUESTION—What is indicated by the negative particle μήποτε in the question?

1. It indicates that a negative reply is expected to the question [CH , Lns , NICNT1 , NTC ; NASB , Ph ]: ‘Surely, the rulers have not really become convinced that he is the Christ, have they?’ [NTC ]. They could not believe that the rulers had recognized that Jesus was the Messiah [CH ]. The people begin to wonder if their rulers really recognize that Jesus is the Christ. Still their question expects a negative answer and they abandon the possibility [NICNT1 ]. Their question with μή implies a negative answer—‘Can it ever be? No, it cannot be’. The rulers have not changed their minds about Jesus’ identity [Lns ]. Although the question expects a negative reply, the presence of the adverb ‘truly’ may indicate that the door of doubt is kept a bit ajar [NTC ].

2. It indicates that something other than a negative reply is expected to the question [AB , BAGD , BAR , BECNT , EGT , Gdt , HTC , ICC , IVP , LN , My , p 373 NICNT2 , Rd , TH , WBC ; all versions except NASB , Ph ]. Although μήποτε formerly anticipated a ‘no’ reply to a question, it seems to have become very much weakened by this period. Here it indicates doubt as expressed by ‘whether perhaps’ [HTC ]. This is a tentative question [BAR , CAR , BECNT ]. It expresses hesitancy [TH , WBC ] and doubt [TH ]. Even if it doesn’t express doubt, it does express an impatience with the rulers for not having intervened [Rd ]. Perhaps these people were wondering if the rulers had even concluded that Jesus was really the Christ [CAR ].

7:27 But^a we-know from-where^b this^c (one) is. But whenever the Christ comes no-one knows from-where he-is.”

LEXICON—a. ἀλλά (LN 89.125): ‘but’ [LN , Gdt ; NCV , NET , NIV , TEV ], ‘but how could that be?’ [CEV ], ‘but how could he be?’ [NLT ], ‘but then’ [Ph ], ‘however’ [NASB ], ‘yet’ [AB , HTC , NTC , WBC ; NJB , NRSV , REB ], ‘howbeit’ [KJV ], ‘No’ [NICNT2 ], ‘instead, on the contrary’ [LN ]. This conjunction indicates a more emphatic contrast than δέ (89.124) [LN ]. It is a strong adversative [BECNT , NICNT1 ] and implies a contrast to the preceding verse(s) [NICNT1 ].

b. πόθεν (LN 84.6) (BAGD 2 p. 680): ‘from where?’ [LN ], ‘whence? where?’ [LN ], ‘from what source? brought about or given by whom? born of whom? [BAGD ]. The words τοῦτον οἴδαμεν πόθεν ἐστίν ‘we know from where this one is’ is translated ‘we know where this man is from’ [AB , NICNT2 , NTC ; NASB , NCV , NIV , NRSV ], ‘we (all) know where this man comes from’ [HTC , WBC ; CEV , NET , NLT , REB , TEV ], ‘we all know where he comes from’ [NJB ], ‘we know this man whence he is’ [KJV ], ‘we know this man and where he comes from’ [Ph ], ‘as for this man, we know whence he is’ [Gdt ]. This adverb indicates extension from a source [LN ]. There are two possible meanings: it could refer to the place a person came from or it could indicate ‘of what kind of parents he was born’ [BAGD ].

c. οὗτος (LN 92.29): This masculine pronominal adjective is translated ‘this man’ [all translations except NJB ], ‘he’ [NJB ]. It refers to an entity regarded as a part of the discourse setting, with pejorative meaning in certain contexts [LN ].

QUESTION—What is implied by the conjunction ἀλλά ‘but’?

It implies that it was not possible that the rulers could know that Jesus was the Christ [NICNT2 , TRT ; CEV , NLT ]: ‘but how could that be?’ [CEV ], ‘but how could he be?’ [NLT ], ‘but how could that be so (because we know …), but he can’t be (because we know …)’ [TRT ].

QUESTION—Is the pronoun οὗτος ‘this one’ used in a derogatory way?

1. It probably had a derogatory sense [BECNT , Rd ]. They refer to him repeatedly as ‘this man’ and their disdain is obvious [Rd ].

2. It need not be disrespectful here [BAR ].

p 374 QUESTION—To what did the claim to know ‘from where he is’ refer?

1. It referred to his place of origin [AB , BAR , BECNT , CAR , CH , HTC , ICC , Kn , Lns , NICNT1 , NICNT2 , NTC , Rd , TH , WBC ]. It referred to the specific town, province, and family from which he came [Lns ]. They thought he came from Galilee (6:42; 7:41) [AB , BAR , HTC , ICC , Lns ]. In a primitive society without family names, the place of origin served to identify a person such as ‘Jesus of Nazareth’ [AB , TH ]. Jesus was from Nazareth in Galilee but ultimately he was ‘from above’ [NICNT2 ]. Some thought that the Messiah’s origin would be unknown to anyone, while others thought he would be from Bethlehem (7:41–42). But since Jesus failed in both of these criteria, he could not be the Messiah [NTC ]. Jesus was from Nazareth and at that time he was living in Capernaum [CAR ].

2. It referred to a person’s parents and family [Gdt , My ]. The question ‘from where?’ referred not to place of origin but to descent—who were his father, mother, and family [My ].

QUESTION—What was the source of the Jewish belief about the coming of the Messiah?

Justin Martyr in his work Dialogue with Trypho, held the view that the Messiah would be born of flesh and blood but would be unknown until the time that he made his appearance to deliver Israel [BAR , BECNT , CAR , Gdt , HTC , NICNT1 , WBC ]. The same idea is seen in statements by the Rabbis [BAR , NICNT1 ]. The people expected that the Messiah would make his appearance suddenly, all at once and no one would be able to tell anything about his background or origins (Matthew 24:26; Luke 17:23) [Rd ].

DISCOURSE UNIT—7:28–53 [Ph ]. The topic is Jesus makes more unique claims.

7:28 Therefore/then^a Jesus cried-out^b (while) teaching in the temple and was-saying, “You(pl)-know both-me and you(pl)-know from-where I-am. But/and^c from myself I-have- not -come, but the-one having-sent me is true,^d whom you do- not -know.^e

LEXICON—a. οὖν (LN 89.50, 89.127) (BAGD 2.b. p. 593): ‘therefore’ [LN (89.50); Gdt ], ‘at that’ [AB ], ‘in reply’ [ICC ], ‘so’ [HTC , LN (89.50), NICNT2 ], ‘then’ [BAGD , LN (89.127), WBC ; KJV , NASB , NET , NIV , NJB , NRSV , Ph ], ‘consequently, accordingly, so then’ [LN (89.50)], not explicit [NTC ; CEV , NCV , NLT , TEV ]. This conjunction is also translated as a verb phrase: ‘(Jesus) responded to this’ [REB ]. It indicates result, often implying the conclusion of a process of reasoning [LN (89.50)]. In certain contexts it may also serve as a type of transition [LN (89.127)]. Here it indicates transition to something new [BAGD ]. The word ‘therefore’ probably refers back to the previous statement that, ‘no one knows from where he is’ [NICNT1 ]. The conjunction here indicates that Jesus is replying to the skepticism of his listeners [ICC ].

b. aorist act. indic. of κράζω (LN 33.83) (BAGD 2.a. p. 447): ‘to cry out’ [AB , LN , NICNT2 , NTC ; NASB , NCV , NET , NIV , NJB , NRSV ], ‘to cry p 375 aloud’ [WBC ], ‘to cry’ [BAGD , Gdt ; KJV ], ‘to call out’ [BAGD ; NLT , Ph ], ‘to shout’ [LN ; CEV ], ‘to say with a loud voice’ [TEV ], ‘to declare’ [REB ], ‘to proclaim’ [HTC ], ‘to call’ [BAGD ], ‘to scream’ [LN ]. This verb means to shout or cry out, with the possible implication of the unpleasant nature of the sound [LN ]. John uses this verb to indicate a solemn pronouncement by Jesus [BAR , BECNT , Gdt , ICC , IVP , NICNT2 , TH ]. The verb indicates a loud shout [Lns , NICNT1 , TRT ] but not in anger [TRT ]. Jesus cried out to give emphasis and importance to this teaching and may indicate that he spoke with some emotion [NICNT1 ]. It indicates strong emotion [CH , Lns , My , NTC ], he was stirred to the depths of his being [NTC ]. The verb does not so much indicate a loud shout as it does a solemn proclamation. For the meaning of loud speaking John uses κραυγάζειν (see 11:43; 12:13; 18:40; 19:6, 12, 15). Like Jesus’ use of ‘truly, truly’ this expression calls attention to the importance of what follows [NICNT2 ]. It indicates prophetic or proclamatory speech [Rd ], or a public announcement [CAR , ICC , NICNT1 ].

c. καί (BAGD I.2.g. p. 392): ‘but’ [HTC , NTC ; NCV , NLT , Ph ], ‘yet’ [AB ; NJB , REB ], ‘and yet’ [BAGD , CAR , Gdt , ICC , Lns , My ], ‘and in spite of that, nevertheless’ [BAGD ], ‘and’ [NICNT2 ; KJV , NASB , NET ], not explicit [WBC ; CEV , NIV , NRSV , TEV ]. This conjunction is used here to emphasize a fact as surprising, unexpected, or noteworthy [BAGD ]. The καί here is adversative [BAR , HTC , Lns , My , Rd ].

d. ἀληθινός (LN 72.1) (BAGD 3. p. 37): ‘true’ [BAGD , LN ; all translations except AB , Gdt , NTC ; CEV , TEV ], ‘truthful’ [CEV , TEV ], ‘competent’ [Gdt ] ‘genuine, real’ [BAGD ]. This adjective is also translated as an adverb: ‘(there is) truly (One who sent me)’ [AB ], and as a noun phrase: ‘(he who sent me is) the Real One’ [NTC ]. It describes a thing as being in accordance with historical fact [LN ]. Here it describes God in contrast to other gods, who are not real [BAGD ].

e. perf. act. indic. of οἶδα (LN 28.1) (BAGD 2. p, 556): ‘to know’ [BAGD , LN ; all translations], ‘to know about, to have knowledge of, to be acquainted with’ [LN ]. This verb means to possess information about something [LN ]. To know God means not only to know theoretically of his existence, but also to have a positive relationship with him [BAGD ]. Here ‘to know’ means more than ‘to know about’. It means ‘to have a close and good relationship with someone’ [TRT ].

QUESTION—Should Jesus’ words, ‘You know both me and you know from where I am’, be taken as a statement or a question?

This could be taken either as a statement or a question, but either way their ignorance is revealed by Jesus’ statement that his real origin is God himself [CAR ].

1. They should be taken as a declarative statement which accepts, admits, or concedes that the Jews do know him [BAR , BECNT , EGT , HTC , ICC , IVP , My , NICNT2 , Rd , WBC ; KJV , NASB , NCV , NET , NIV , NJB , NLT , NRSV , REB ]. It was true that they knew Him and His family but there p 376 was more to know [BAR , BECNT , EGT , HTC , ICC , IVP , My , NICNT2 , Rd , WBC ]. They do know Jesus but only externally—his appearance and background. What they lacked was a knowledge of his true nature and origin [HTC ]. They had a certain knowledge about him but lacked a far more important factor—He was sent by God [EGT ].

2. They should be taken as a question or a statement with possible ironical or sarcastic overtones [AB , CH , Gdt , Lns , NICNT1 , NICNT2 , NTC , TH ; CEV , Ph , TEV ]: ‘Do you really think you know me and where I came from?’ [CEV ]. The following verse suggests that they do not really know where he comes from. Therefore it is best to take this as a question with a hint of sarcasm [TH ]. It can be taken either as a question, ‘So you know me and where I am from?’ or an exclamation ‘So, you know me, and you know where I am from!’ But his meaning is: ‘That is what you think!’ He is ridiculing the idea that they know him and his origin [NTC ]. While he seems to concede that they know him, his statement is probably ironical, ‘So you know me and my origin!’ [NICNT1 ]. The import of Jesus’ reply is, ‘So you think you know me since you are sure you know my home and family!’ He meant that they did not really know him or his true origin [Lns ]. Jesus rejects the claim of the Jews to know him and declares, ‘You think you know me, but you do not know me, either as to my mission or as to my origin’ [Gdt ]. What they do not know was that his origin was not a place but a Person—He was from God [NICNT2 ].

QUESTION—What is the meaning of the phrase ἀπʼ ἐμαυτοῦ ‘from myself (I have not come)’?

It means that he has not come from his own prompting [BAR , EGT ], by self-appointment [My ], on his own authority [BAR , TH , TRT ; NCV , TEV ], on his own [AB , NICNT2 ; CEV , NIV , NLT , NRSV ], on his own initiative [BECNT ; NET ], of his own accord [HTC , NTC , WBC ; NJB , Ph , REB ]. Jesus’ work was not of his own choosing [NICNT1 ].

QUESTION—What is the meaning of ἀληθινός ‘true’?

1. It means real or existent as opposed to imagined or non-existent [BAGD , BAR , EGT , HTC , ICC , Lns , My , NICNT1 , NTC ]: ‘… he who sent me is the Real One’ [NTC ]. It does not mean that God is truthful or reliable but that he exists. It stresses his divine reality [HTC ]. Jesus is saying that he was sent by a real person [NICNT1 ]. It means that his Father was genuine [ICC ]. Jesus says that his Sender was not imaginary but real [Bat, Lns ], and faithful to his own character [BAR ].

2. Other views [CAR , Gdt , NICNT2 , TH ]. Jesus means to say that his sender is the true sender, one who alone has the authority to give divine missions [Gdt ]. This word does not mean God is true in the sense of faithful or that he exists, but that he is real in the sense that he really is the one who sent Jesus [CAR ]. It is equivalent to ‘honest’ having the sense of ‘faithful, reliable, true’. A possible translation for this would then be ‘You can fully trust the one who sent me’ [TH ]. The word ‘true’ defines who the one who sent Jesus is—he is truly God [NICNT2 ].

p 377 QUESTION—What word is emphasized in this verse?

The pronoun ὑμεῖς ‘you(pl)’ is emphasized [Lns , TH ]: whom you yourselves/you on your part do not know. The relative pronoun ‘whom’ is also emphasized by its initial position in its clause [TH ]: him, you(pl) do not know.

7:29 I know him, because I-am from^a him and-that-one^b sent me.”

LEXICON—a. παρά (LN 90.14) (BAGD I.1. p. 609): ‘from’ [BAGD , LN ], ‘from (the side of)’ [BAGD ], ‘by, of’ [LN ]. The words παρʼ αὐτοῦ εἰμι ‘I am from him’ [NICNT2 , NTC , WBC ; KJV , NASB , NCV , NIV , NRSV , TEV ], is also translated ‘I come/came from him’ [Gdt , HTC , CEV , NLT , Ph , REB ], ‘it is from Him that I come’ [AB ], ‘I have my being from him’ [NJB ]. This preposition with the genitive case indicates an agent as being the source of an activity [BAGD , LN ], though often remote and indirect [LN ].

b. κἀκεῖνος (LN 89.93, 92.30) (BAGD 2.a. p. 396): ‘and that one’ [LN ], ‘and he’ [AB , BAGD , Gdt , HTC , NICNT2 , NTC ; KJV , NASB , NCV , NIV , NLT , NRSV , Ph , TEV ], ‘the one who’ [CEV ], ‘and it is/was he who’ [WBC ; NJB , REB ]. This pronoun refers to an entity regarded as relatively absent in terms of the discourse setting [LN ]. The form κἀκεῖνος ‘and he’ is formed by the fusion of καὶ ‘and’ with ἐκεῖνος ‘he, that one’. Here it refers to what is relatively closer [BAGD ].

QUESTION—What is the relationship between the two statements ‘Whom you do not know’ (verse 28) and ‘I know him’ (this verse)?

The two statements are in an antithetical relationship [My , NICNT1 , NICNT2 , TH , WBC ; CEV , KJV , NCV , NET , NIV , NJB , NLT , TEV ] by virtue of the emphatic pronouns ὑμεῖς ‘you(pl)’ and ἐγὼ ‘I’ [HTC , TH ]: whom you, yourselves do not know, but I, myself know him.

QUESTION—What words are emphasized in this verse?

The pronoun ἐγὼ ‘I’ is emphasized [Gdt , Lns , NICNT1 , TH ]: ‘As for me, I know him’ [Gdt ]. The pronoun ἐκεῖνος ‘he’ is also emphatic [ICC , Lns , My , WBC ; probably NJB , REB ]: ‘it was he who sent me’ [NJB ].

QUESTION—What is implied by the words παρʼ αὐτοῦ εἰμι ‘I am from him’?

It implies that Jesus had an intimate relationship with God [AB , Gdt ]. It implies that he came from God’s presence [IVP ]. It implies that Jesus was with God in Heaven before he was born [Lns ]. The words ‘I am from him’ mean ‘I proceed from him’. Jesus claims a community of essence with God [Gdt ].

QUESTION—Where was Jesus sent?

He was sent to those who were confronting him [TRT ; NLT , Ph ]: ‘he sent me to you’ [NLT ].

7:30 Therefore^a they-were-trying to-arrest^b him, but/and^c no-one laid- the hand -on^d him, because his hour^e had- not-yet -come.

LEXICON—a. οὖν (LN 89.50, 89.127): ‘therefore’ [Gdt , LN (89.50), Lns , NTC ], ‘at this’ [NIV , REB ], ‘so’ [HTC , LN (89.50), NICNT2 , WBC ; p 378 NASB , NET ], ‘then’ [AB ; KJV , NLT , NRSV , Ph , TEV ], ‘consequently, accordingly, so then’ [LN (89.50)], not explicit [CEV , NJB ]. This conjunction is also translated as a clause: ‘when Jesus said this’ [NCV ]. This conjunction indicates result, often implying the conclusion of a process of reasoning [LN (89.50)]. In certain contexts it may also serve as a type of transition [LN (89.127)]. In this verse οὖν indicates result [Gdt , ICC , Lns , My , NICNT1 , NTC ; NIV , REB ]. They tried to arrest him as the result of his strong claims [Gdt , ICC , My ]. His enemies regard his claims as blasphemy and therefore they try to arrest him [My ].

b. aorist act. infin. of πιάζω (LN 37.110) (BAGD 2.a. p. 657): ‘to arrest’ [AB , BAGD , HTC , LN , NICNT2 , NTC ; CEV , NJB , NLT , NRSV , Ph ], ‘to seize’ [BAGD , WBC ; NASB , NET , NIV , REB , TEV ], ‘to take’ [Gdt ; KJV , NCV ], ‘to take into custody’ [BAGD ]. This verb means to take a person into custody for alleged illegal activity [LN ]. It implies hostile intent [BAGD ].

c. καί [BAGD I. p. 391] ‘but’ [AB , HTC , NTC , WBC ; CEV , KJV , NCV , NET , NIV , NJB , NLT , NRSV , Ph , REB , TEV ], ‘and yet’ [Gdt ], ‘and’ [BAGD , NICNT2 ; NASB ]. Καί is being used here in the sense of καίτοι ‘and yet’ [ICC , My , NICNT1 ].

d. aorist act. indic. of ἐπιβάλλω (LN 37.110) (BAGD 1.b. p. 290): ‘to lay on’ [BAGD , LN ], ‘to put on’ [BAGD ]. The statement οὐδεὶς ἐπέβαλεν ἐπʼ αὐτὸν τὴν χεῖρα ‘no one/nobody laid the/a hand on him’ [NICNT2 , NTC , WBC ; NET , NIV , NJB , NLT , TEV ] is also translated ‘no one laid his hand on him’ [NASB ], ‘no one laid hands on him’ [Gdt , HTC ; KJV , NRSV ], ‘no one even laid a hand on him’ [CEV ], ‘no one laid a finger on him’ [AB ; Ph ], ‘no one was able to touch him’ [NCV ], ‘no one could lay hands on him’ [REB ]. The idiom ἐπιβάλλω τὰς χεῖρας literally ‘to lay hands on’ means to take a person into custody for alleged illegal activity [LN ]. ‘To lay hands on someone’ implies violence [BAGD ].

e. ὥρα (LN 67.1) (BAGD 3. p. 896): ‘hour’ [AB , BAGD , Gdt , HTC , NICNT2 , NTC , WBC ; KJV , NJB , NRSV , TEV ], ‘appointed hour’ [REB ], ‘time’ [LN ; CEV , NET , NIV , NLT ], ‘right time’ [NCV ], ‘right moment’ [Ph ], ‘occasion’ [LN ]. This noun denotes a point of time consisting of an occasion for a particular event. In John 7:30 the reference is to the occasion of his eventual arrest, implying that it will indeed happen [LN ]. It indicates ‘the time’ when something took place, is taking place, or will take place. Here it refers especially to Jesus, whose ‘hour’ refers to the time of his death and also of the glorification which is inextricably bound up with it [BAGD ]. It refers to the time when the Spirit of God stopped restraining them from doing as they wished [Gdt ]. His hour was the time that God had set for Jesus’ arrest and death [CAR , CH , Gdt , HTC , ICC , IVP , Lns , My , NICNT2 , NTC , Rd , TH , TRT , WBC ]. ‘His hour had not yet come’ could be expressed as ‘this was not the hour when he was destined to be seized’ [TH ].

p 379 QUESTION—To whom does the pronoun ‘they’ refer in the statement, ‘they were trying to arrest him’?

1. It refers to the Jewish authorities [Gdt , ICC , My , NICNT1 , NICNT2 ]. It is Jesus’ enemies who try to arrest him [Gdt , NICNT1 ]. Although the reference is not clear, the action points to the Jewish authorities as only they would have had the needed authority to do this [NICNT2 ].

2. It refers to the people of Jerusalem [AB , BAR , CAR , HTC , IVP , Lns , NTC , TH , WBC ]. Since this attempt to arrest Jesus appears to be distinct from the mission of the Jewish authorities to arrest Jesus in verse 32, it is probably best to take the pronoun to refer to the people of Jerusalem [AB , BAR , CAR , TH ]. The people of Jerusalem now want to aid the authorities in arresting the man who had so opposed them [HTC , Lns ].

QUESTION—Why did they not lay hands on him?

They did not lay hands on him because God’s timing was sovereign and this was not his time [BAR , CH , ICC , Lns , My , NICNT1 , NICNT2 , NTC , Rd , WBC ]. They were unable to do so [HTC , ICC , Lns , NICNT1 , Rd , TRT ]. This could be translated, ‘No one succeeded in grabbing him’ [TH , TRT ].

7:31 But^a many of the crowd believed in him and were-saying, “When the Christ^b comes he-will not^c -do more- signs^d -than^e this-one did (will he)?”

LEXICON—a. δέ (LN 89.124): ‘but’ [Gdt , Lns , LN , NTC ; NASB , NCV , TEV ], ‘yet’ [HTC ; NET , NRSV ], ‘however’ [WBC ; NJB ], ‘still’ [NIV ], ‘on the other hand’ [LN ], ‘in fact’ [AB ], ‘and’ [NICNT2 , KJV ], not explicit [CEV , NLT , Ph , REB ]. This conjunction is a marker of contrast [LN ]. Here it marks contrast with the preceding group [HTC , Lns , My , NICNT1 ].

b. Χριστός (LN 53.82) (BAGD 1. p. 887): ‘Christ’ [BAGD , Gdt , HTC , LN , NICNT2 , NTC , WBC ; KJV , NASB , NCV , NET , NIV , NJB , Ph ], ‘Messiah’ [AB , LN ; CEV , NLT , NRSV , REB , TEV ]. This noun denotes the Μεσσίας, (literally ‘one who has been anointed’) and it is used in the NT as a title for Jesus as the Messiah [LN ].

c. μή (LN 69.3, 69.15): ‘not’ [LN (69.3), NTC , WBC ; NASB , NET ], not explicit [AB , Gdt , HTC , NICNT2 ; KJV , NCV , NIV , NJB , NLT , NRSV , Ph , REB , TEV ]. This negative particle indicates that a negative response is expected to a question [AB , BECNT , CH , LN (69.15), Lns , NICNT1 , NTC , Rd , TRT , WBC ; CEV , NASB , NET , REB ]: ‘he surely won’t perform more miracles than this man has done!’ [CEV ], ‘he will not perform more signs than those which this man has, will he?’ [NASB ], ‘is it likely that he will perform more signs than this man?’ [REB ].

d. σημεῖον (LN 33.477) (BAGD 2.a. p. 748): ‘sign’ [AB , BAGD , HTC , LN , NICNT2 , NTC , WBC ; NASB , NJB , NRSV , Ph , REB ], ‘miraculous sign’ [NET , NIV , NLT ], ‘miracle’ [BAGD , Gdt ; CEV , KJV , NCV , TEV ]. This noun denotes an event that is regarded as having some special meaning [LN ]. It denotes a ‘wonder’ or ‘miracle’, an event that is contrary to the usual course of nature and is performed by God himself, by Christ, or by p 380 men of God [BAGD ]. This word occurs at 2:11, 18; 3:2; 4:48, 54; 6:2, 14, 26, 30; 7:31; 9:16; 10:41; 11:47; 12:18, 37; and 20:30.

e. πολύς (LN 59.1) (BAGD I.2.a.α. p. 688; II.1.a. p. 689): ‘more than’ [BAGD (II.1.a.), LN ; all versions except Ph ], ‘greater than’ [Lns ; Ph ], ‘many’ [BAGD (I.2.a.α.), LN ], ‘a great deal of, a great number of’ [LN ]. This adjective describes a relatively large quantity of objects or events [LN ]. It could possibly mean ‘greater than’ as well [NTC ; Lns , Ph ].

QUESTION—What more is implied by the question, ‘When the Christ comes he will not do more signs than this one did (will he)?”

It implies that Jesus had done enough miracles to qualify him to be the Messiah [CH , HTC , Lns , My , Rd , TRT ]: ‘This man is doing all the signs that we would expect the Messiah to do when He comes’ [TRT ]. They are guardedly suggesting that Jesus might be the Messiah [EGT ].

DISCOURSE UNIT—7:32–36 [GNT , WBC ; CEV , NCV , NRSV , TEV ]. The topic is officers sent to arrest Jesus [GNT ; CEV , NCV , NRSV , TEV ], Jesus’ impending departure [WBC ].

DISCOURSE UNIT—7:32 [NICNT1 ]. The topic is an attempt at arrest.

7:32 The Pharisees^a heard the crowd whispering^b these-things about him, and the chief-priests^c and the Pharisees sent temple-police^d to arrest him.

LEXICON—a. Φαρισαῖος (LN 11.49): ‘Pharisee’ [LN ; all translations]. This noun denotes a member of an important religious and political Jewish party at the time of Jesus and the apostles. The Pharisees constituted a significantly larger group than the Sadducees and differed with them on certain doctrines and patterns of behavior. The Pharisees were strict and zealous adherents to the laws of the OT and to numerous additional traditions [LN ]. The Pharisees were the popular religious leaders. They were involved in the religious affairs of the synagogue. They knew what the people were saying and they were the ones who heard the whispering of popular opinion about Jesus [NICNT1 ].

b. pres. act. participle of γογγύζω (LN 33.382) (BAGD 2. p. 164): ‘to whisper’ [BAGD ; NCV , NIV , NLT , Ph , TEV ], ‘to mutter’ [HTC ; NASB , NRSV ], ‘to murmur’ [NICNT2 ; KJV , NET ], ‘to mumble’ [NTC ], ‘to grumble, to complain’ [LN ], ‘to secretly discuss’ [WBC ], ‘to speak secretly’ [BAGD ], ‘to argue’ [CEV ]. This verb is also translated as a noun phrase: ‘these mutterings’ [REB ], ‘talk like this’ [NJB ], ‘this debate’ [AB ], ‘this talk which was circulating among the multitude’ [Gdt ]. This verb means to express one’s discontent [LN ]. The sense of complaining is not indicated [BAR , NICNT1 ]. Here the sense of speaking with lowered voices [NICNT1 ], or discussion or debate is indicated [BAR ].

c. ἀρχιερεύς (LN 53.88) (BAGD 1.b. p. 112): ‘chief priest’ [LN ; all translations except NCV , NJB , NLT ], ‘leading priest’ [NCV , NLT ], ‘high priest’ [BAGD ], not explicit [NJB ]. This noun denotes a principal priest, in view of belonging to one of the high priestly families [LN ]. The plural p 381 is used in the NT to denote members of the Sanhedrin who belonged to high priestly families: ruling high priests, as well as those who had been deposed, and other adult male members of the most prominent priestly families [BAGD ]. The chief priests were in a position of power and were concerned with the Temple worship and revenues [NICNT1 ]. They were the ruling part of the Sanhedrin [Gdt , TRT ]. Apart from the consent of the chief priests, the Pharisees did not have the authority to arrest Jesus [BECNT , ICC ]. They were mainly members of the party of the Sadducees [BAR , BECNT , CAR , Gdt , ICC , NICNT1 , NTC , TH , TRT ]. They were the high priest, the higher temple officials, the captain of the temple, the temple supervisor and the treasurers [HTC ]. The combination of Pharisees and chief priests is John’s designation of the highest Jewish court, the Sanhedrin [EGT , HTC , Lns , NICNT1 ].

d. ὑπηρέτης (LN 35.20) (BAGD p. 842): ‘temple police’ [AB , TH , WBC ; CEV , NRSV , REB ], ‘temple guard’ [LN ; NCV , NIV , NJB , NLT ], ‘officer’ [Gdt , HTC , NICNT2 , NTC ; KJV , NASB , NET , Ph ], ‘servant’ [BAGD , LN ], ‘assistant’ [BAGD ], ‘guard’ [TEV ], ‘helper’ [BAGD ]. This noun is derived from ὑπηρετέω ‘to serve’ and denotes a person who renders service. In the NT ὑπηρέτης is employed to refer to many diverse types of servants, such as attendants to a king, officers of the Sanhedrin, attendants of magistrates, and, especially in the Gospel of John, Jewish Temple guards [LN ]. It refers to one who serves a master or a superior. Here it refers to the servants of a board or court, the Sanhedrin [BAGD , WBC ]. They were the Sanhedrin’s police force whose function was to maintain order in town and country [AB , BECNT ], and in the temple area [BECNT , CAR ].

QUESTION—Why did the chief priest and Pharisees send officers to arrest Jesus?

They viewed any belief in Jesus as the Messiah to be dangerous since they feared the Roman government [NICNT2 ].

DISCOURSE UNIT—7:33–36 [NICNT1 ]. The topic is Jesus’ return to the Father.

7:33 Therefore/then^a Jesus said, “I am with you yet^b (a) little time and I-go^c to the (one) having-sent me.

LEXICON—a. οὖν (LN 89.50, 89.127): ‘therefore’ [Gdt , LN (89.50), Lns , My , WBC ; NASB ], ‘accordingly’ [AB , LN (89.50)], ‘so’ [LN (89.50); NICNT2 , NTC ], ‘consequently, so then’ [LN (89.50)], ‘then’ [HTC ; KJV , NET , NJB , NRSV , Ph , REB ], ‘but’ [CEV , NLT , TEV ], not explicit [NCV , NIV ]. This conjunction indicates result, often implying the conclusion of a process of reasoning [LN 89.50]. In certain contexts it may also serve as a type of transition [LN (89.127)]. Here it indicates that Jesus’ words about his death were the result of the hostile intent of the effort of the Jews to arrest him [CAR , EGT , Gdt , Lns , My , Rd ].

p 382 b. ἔτι (LN 67.128) (BAGD 1.c. p. 316): ‘yet’ [BAGD , LN , NTC ], ‘still’ [BAGD , LN ]. The phrase Ἔτι χρόνον μικρὸν ‘yet a little time’ is translated ‘yet a short time’ [NICNT2 ], ‘yet a little while’ [Gdt , NTC ; KJV ], ‘a little longer’ [HTC ], ‘only a little longer’ [NLT ], ‘for a little longer’ [REB ], ‘a little while longer’ [BAGD ; CEV , NASB , NCV , NRSV , TEV ], ‘only a little while longer’ [AB ; Ph ], ‘for only a little while longer’ [NET ], ‘for a little longer time’ [WBC ], ‘for only a short time’ [NIV ], ‘for a short time (I am with you) still’ [NJB ]. This adverb describes an extension of time up to and beyond an expected point [LN ].

c. pres. act. indic. of ὑπάγω (LN 23.101) (BAGD 3. p. 837): ‘to go’ [BAGD , Gdt , HTC , NICNT2 , NTC ; KJV , NASB , NET , NIV , NRSV , Ph ], ‘to go away’ [AB , BAGD , LN , WBC ; REB , TEV ], ‘to return’ [CEV , NLT ], ‘to go back’ [NCV , NJB ], ‘to withdraw’ [BAGD ], ‘to leave this life, to die’ [LN ]. This verb means ‘to go away or depart’ but is used euphemistically to mean ‘to leave this life, to die’ [LN ]. Here it is used of Jesus and his going to the Father [BAGD ].

QUESTION—What does the statement ‘I go away to the one having sent me’ mean?

Jesus is referring to his death [all commentaries], and resurrection [AB ].

QUESTION—What may Jesus have meant by being with them yet ‘a little time’?

He meant that he would only be on earth about six months more [BECNT , ICC , IVP , Lns , NTC , TRT ]. This period was from October of the year 29, to April of the year 30, from the festival of Tabernacles to the festival of Passover [NTC ], or from September–October 32 to March–April 33 [BECNT ]. The time span would probably be several months [TH ]. The brief time was the time left before his death on the cross [Kn ]. He implies that his listeners should hurry to believe in him. This is stressed even more in view of verse 34 [Gdt ]

7:34 You(pl)-will-look-for^a me and you-will- not -find [me], and where I am you(pl) are- not -able to-come.”

LEXICON—a. fut. act. indic. of ζητέω (LN 27.41) (BAGD 1.a.α. p. 338): ‘to look for’ [AB , BAGD , LN , WBC ; CEV , NCV , NET , NIV , NJB , Ph , REB , TEV ], ‘to search for’ [NLT , NRSV ] ‘to seek’ [BAGD , Gdt , HTC , NTC , NICNT2 ; KJV , NASB ], ‘to try to find, to try to learn where something is’ [LN ]. This verb means to try to learn the location of something, often by movement from place to place in the process of searching [LN ]. It refers to looking for what one possessed and has lost [BAGD ].

QUESTION—What is implied in the words ζητήσετέ με ‘you will look for me’?

It is implied that they will look for Jesus to help them [BAR , ICC , My , TH , TRT , WBC ]. Also implied is that it will be too late [BAR , EGT , Kn , Lns , NICNT1 , TH , WBC ]. This refers to the time when Jesus will go to the Father [BAR , ICC , NICNT1 , TH ].

p 383 QUESTION—What is implied by the present tense in the phrase ὅπου εἰμὶ ‘where I am’?

It implies a future tense, ‘where I will be at that moment’ [Gdt , My , TH , TRT ]. It has the sense of ‘where I will go’ [NICNT2 , TRT ; CEV , NLT , Ph , TEV ]. It means where I am in the presence of the Father [EGT ]. It implies where Jesus is in his essential being, in the spiritual world [ICC ].

QUESTION—What words are emphasized in this verse?

Both pronouns ἐγὼ ‘I’ and ὑμεῖς ‘you(pl)’ are emphasized [NICNT2 , TH ]: where I myself am you yourselves are not able to come. The two pronouns strongly contrast with each other [NICNT1 , TH ].

7:35 Then the Jews said to themselves, “Where does- this-one -intend^a to-go^b that we will- not -find him? He-is surely-not^c -about to-go to the dispersion^d of-the Greeks and teach the Greeks?^d

LEXICON—a. pres. act. indic. of μέλλω (LN 67.62) (BAGD 1.c.γ. p. 501): ‘to intend to’ [AB , BAGD , HTC , NTC ; NASB , NIV , NJB , NRSV , REB ], ‘to be about to’ [LN , WBC ; TEV ], ‘to be going to’ [NET , Ph ], ‘to plan to’ [NLT ], ‘to propose, to have in mind’ [BAGD ], not explicit [Gdt , NICNT2 ; CEV , KJV , NCV ]. This verb means to occur at a point of time in the future that is subsequent to another event and closely related to it [LN ].

b. pres. mid. (deponent = act. ) infin. of πορεύομαι (LN 15.18) (BAGD 1. p. 692): ‘to go’ [all translations except Ph ], ‘to hide oneself’ [Ph ], ‘to travel, to journey, to be on one’s way’ [LN ], ‘to depart from someone, to leave’ [BAGD ]. This verb means to move a considerable distance, either with a single destination or from one destination to another in a series [LN ].

c. μή (LN 69.15) (BAGD C.1. p. 517): ‘surely not’ [NTC , WBC ; Ph ], ‘not’ [AB , BAGD , LN ; NASB , NET ], not explicit [Gdt , HTC , NICNT2 ; CEV , KJV , NIV , NJB , NLT , TEV ]. This negative particle indicates that a negative response is expected to the question [AB , BAGD , LN , Lns , My , NTC , TRT , WBC ; NASB ; NET , Ph ]. It indicates a hesitant suggestion [BAR , BECNT ]. It indicates indecision and deliberation [CAR ].

d. διασπορά (LN 15.137) (BAGD 1. p. 188): ‘dispersion’ [BAGD ], ‘diaspora’ [LN ], ‘region in which people are scattered’ [LN ]. The phrase εἰς τὴν διασπορὰν τῶν Ἑλλήνων ‘to the dispersion of the Greeks’ [NICNT2 ] is also translated ‘to the Dispersion among the Greeks’ [WBC ; NASB , NRSV ], ‘to the Dispersion among the Gentiles’ [HTC ; REB ], ‘to the Jewish people dispersed among the Greeks’ [NET ], ‘unto the dispersed among the Gentiles’ [KJV ], ‘abroad to the people who are dispersed among the Greeks’ [NJB ], ‘to those who are scattered among the Greeks’ [Gdt ], ‘where our people live scattered among the Greeks’ [NIV ], ‘to some foreign country where our people live’ [CEV ], ‘to the Greek cities where our people live’ [NCV , TEV ], ‘leaving the country and going to the Jews in others lands’ [NLT ], ‘to our refugees among the p 384 Greeks’ [Ph ], ‘to the Diaspora among the Greeks’ [AB , NTC ]. This noun is derived from διασπείρω ‘to scatter,’ and refers to the region or area in which persons have been scattered (particularly a reference to the nation of Israel which had been scattered throughout the ancient world) [LN ]. It denotes those Jews who are dispersed among the Gentiles [BAGD ].

e. Ἕλλην (LN 11.40) (BAGD 2.a. p. 252): ‘Greek’ [BAGD , LN ; all translations except KJV , NCV , REB ], ‘Greek people’ [NCV ], ‘Gentile’ [BAGD , LN ; KJV , REB ], ‘pagan, heathen’ [BAGD ], ‘non-Jew’ [LN ]. This noun is an extended meaning of Ἕλλην ‘Greek,’ and denotes a person who is a Gentile in view of being a Greek. Though the occurrence of Ἕλλην in John 7:35 could be interpreted as merely a reference to Greeks, it is probably a reference to Greeks as being Gentiles, and therefore Ἕλλην is classified here in the subdomain of socio-religious groups [LN ]. It refers to a person of Greek language and culture, but in the broader sense it refers to all persons who came under the influence of the Greek or pagan culture [AB , BAGD ]. The Greeks are probably Gentiles or non-Jews [AB , BECNT , CAR , Gdt , HTC , ICC , Kn , Lns , My , NICNT2 , TH ], and possibly proselytes [BECNT , CAR ]. Greeks referred to people who belonged to the Hellenistic stock [NTC ]. Here Gentile proselytes are not indicated as they are in 12:20 [ICC ]. John never uses the common term for the Gentiles, τὰ ἔθνη. He rather uses the substitute term ‘the Greeks’ [NICNT2 ].

QUESTION—To whom does the phrase οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι ‘the Jews’ refer?

1. It probably refers to the Jewish leaders [ICC , TRT WBC ; NET , NLT , TEV ].

2. It probably refers to the delegation of officers that the Jewish authorities had sent to arrest Jesus, the guards [NICNT2 , TH ].

3. It probably refers to the Jewish people in the crowd [CEV ].

4. It probably refers to either the Jewish authorities and/or the people in the crowd [BECNT , CAR ]. It refers to the authorities and those who opposed him in the crowd [CAR ].

QUESTION—What words are emphasized in this verse?

The pronoun ἡμεῖς ‘we’ is emphatic [NICNT1 , TH ]: Where does this one intend to go that we ourselves will not find him? The pronouns οὗτος ‘this one’ and ἡμεῖς ‘we’ are emphatic and contrasted [TH ]: Where does this one intend to go that we ourselves will not find him?

QUESTION—How are the nouns related in the genitive constructions τὴν διασπορὰν τῶν Ἑλλήνων ‘dispersion of the Greeks’?

The genitive is an objective genitive of place and means that the dispersion happened among the Greeks [AB , BAR , EGT , Gdt , HTC , ICC , Kn , Lns , My , NICNT2 , NTC , TH , TRT ; KJV , NASB , NCV , NET , NIV , NJB , NRSV Ph , REB ]. To take this phrase otherwise would mean that the Greeks were the ones who were dispersed [NICNT2 ].

p 385 QUESTION—To what does the διασπορά ‘dispersion’ refer?

It refers to the Jews who were scattered outside of the Holy Land [AB , BAGD , BECNT , CH , Gdt , Kn , NICNT1 , NICNT2 , Rd ]. The term διασπορά ‘dispersion’ was a technical term that indicated the Jewish community scattered in different places in the world [NICNT2 ]. Some Jews had been living outside Palestine ever since the Babylonian exile. When they were allowed to return home some chose to stay where they were [BECNT , NICNT1 ].

QUESTION—Who are the Ἕλληνας ‘Greeks’ that they thought Jesus would surely not teach?

1. Surely Jesus wouldn’t teach the Greek Gentiles [AB , CAR , CH , EGT , Lns , My , NICNT1 , NICNT2 , NTC , TH , WBC ]. This probably refers to going to the Dispersion made up of Greek-speaking Jews living outside Israel and also teaching the Greek Gentiles [CAR , CH ]. The idea is probably of Jesus traveling to the synagogues of the dispersed Jews and making them the springboards for a mission among the Greeks [NICNT2 ]. But since Jesus couldn’t succeed among the Jews in the Holy Land, he wouldn’t be any more successful among the Jews abroad. Then if he tries to reach the Greeks in those countries, he would have no hope of winning them to his cause [WBC ].

2. Surely Jesus wouldn’t teach the Greek-speaking Jews of the Dispersion who are referred to here as ‘the Greeks’ [Rd ].

QUESTION—What is the function of the rhetorical question, ‘He is surely not about to go to the dispersion of the Greeks and teach the Greeks’?

It expresses their ridicule that Jesus would go off and teach Gentiles [AB , BECNT , Lns , NTC ]. The enemies of Jesus think the idea of Jesus going on a mission among the Greeks was absurd [NICNT1 , Rd , WBC ]. The Jews are puzzled that he would go somewhere possibly to teach the Gentiles [BAR , HTC , NICNT2 ]. They even repeat his words to express their puzzlement in verse 36 [HTC , NICNT2 ]. The question expresses their indecision and deliberation [CAR ]. The question expresses their unbelief [BAR ]. The pronoun οὗτος ‘this one’ expresses their contempt [ICC , My , TRT ]. This is also borne out by the fact that strict Jews looked down on the Jews of the Dispersion as well as on all Gentiles. They suggest that perhaps he could make disciples among those Jews or even the Greeks themselves [ICC ]. Beginning the rhetorical question with μή ‘surely not’ assumes a negative reply and no one is expected to answer. The question is intended to be a sneer, and ‘surely not’ makes the sneer even more cutting [Lns ].

7:36 What is this word^a that he-said, ‘You(pl)-will-look-for me and not find [me], and where I am you are-not-able to-come?’ ”

LEXICON—a. λόγος (LN 33.98) (BAGD 1.a.γ. p. 477): ‘word’ [BAGD , LN ], ‘saying, message’ [LN ], ‘statement’ [BAGD , LN ], ‘assertion, declaration, speech’ [BAGD ]. The words τίς ἐστιν ὁ λόγος οὗτος ὃν εἶπεν ‘What is this word that he said?’ [NICNT2 ] is also translated ‘What manner of p 386 saying is this that he said?’ [KJV ], ‘What is this statement that he said?’ [NASB ], ‘What is this he is talking about?’ [AB ], ‘What means this word which he has said?’ [Gdt ], ‘What did/does he mean by saying?’ [HTC , NTC ; CEV , NET , NRSV , REB ], ‘What did he mean when he said?’ [NCV , NIV ], ‘What does he mean when he says?’ [NJB , NLT , Ph ], ‘What does this statement mean that he made?’ [WBC ], ‘What does he mean?’ [TEV ]. This noun is derived from the verb λέγω ‘to say,’ and denotes that which has been stated or said, with primary focus on the content of the communication [LN ]. It indicates a statement of definite content [BAGD ].

QUESTION—What is the purpose of this repetition by the Jews?

It emphasizes the confusion of the Jews and it highlights the significance of Jesus’ pronouncement, ‘You will seek me and you will not find me, and where I am you are not able to come’ [NICNT2 ]. It shows their confusion. They could not understand how could he go where they could not [EGT ]. It shows that their scornful question did not really satisfy them. They don’t know what he could mean by what he said [My ].

DISCOURSE UNIT—7:37–8:29 [NICNT2 ]. The topic is the last day of the Festival.

DISCOURSE UNIT—7:37–52 [Lns ]. The topic is the arresting officers’ response to Jesus.

DISCOURSE UNIT—7:37–44 [CAR , EGT ]. The topic is the promise of the Holy Spirit [CAR ], living water [EGT ].

DISCOURSE UNIT—7:37–39 [GNT , IVP , Kn , NICNT1 , WBC ; CEV , NCV , NET , NLT , NRSV , TEV ]. The topic is Jesus, the source of living water [IVP , Kn , WBC ], rivers of living water [GNT ; CEV , NLT , NRSV , TEV ], a prophecy about the Spirit [NICNT1 ; NCV , NET ].

7:37 Now on the last day the great^a (day) of-the festival^b Jesus stood and cried-out^c saying, “If anyone is-thirsty^d let-him-come to me and drink.

TEXT—Some manuscripts omit πρός με ‘to me’. GNT includes it with a B rating, indicating that the inclusion is almost certain.

LEXICON—a. μέγας (LN 87.22) (BAGD 2.b.β. p. 498): ‘great’ [BAGD , Gdt , HTC , LN , NICNT2 , NTC ; KJV , NASB , NJB , NRSV ], ‘greatest’ [AB , WBC ; NET , NIV , REB ], ‘most important’ [CEV , NCV , TEV ], ‘important’ [AB , LN ], ‘sublime’ [AB , BAGD ]. The phrase τῇ μεγάλῃ τῆς ἑορτῆς ‘the great day of the festival’ is translated ‘the climax of the festival’ [NLT , Ph ]. This adjective describes something as being great in terms of status [LN ]. It is used figuratively here to indicate ‘great’ in the sense of being important or sublime [AB , BAGD ]. ‘Great’ brings out the solemnity of the day [HTC , My ].

b. ἑορτή (LN 51.2) (BAGD p. 280): ‘festival’ [AB BAGD , LN , NICNT2 , WBC ; CEV , NJB , NLT , NRSV , Ph , REB , TEV ], ‘feast’ [BAGD , Gdt , HTC , LN , NTC ; KJV , NASB , NCV NET , NIV ], ‘celebration’ [LN ]. This p 387 noun denotes the events associated with the celebration of a festival or feast [LN ]. The festival indicated here is the Festival of Tabernacles [BAGD ].

c. aorist act. indic. of κράζω (LN 33.83) (BAGD 2.a. p. 447): ‘to cry out’ [NICNT2 , NTC ; NASB , NJB , NRSV , Ph ], ‘to cry’ [BAGD ; KJV ], ‘to cry aloud’ [WBC ], ‘to shout’ [BAGD , LN ; CEV , NLT ], ‘to shout out’ [NET ], ‘to say/speak in a loud voice’ [Gdt ; NCV , NIV , TEV ], ‘to declare’ [REB ], ‘to proclaim’ [HTC ], ‘to call, to call out, to say loudly’ [BAGD ], ‘to scream’ [LN ]. This verb means to shout or cry out, with the possible implication of the unpleasant nature of the sound [LN ]. When used with λέγειν ‘to say’, as here, it means ‘to say loudly’ [BAGD ]. The action of shouting indicates the solemnity of Jesus’ words [My , NICNT2 ] and calls attention to what he says with about the same force as the formula ‘truly, truly’ has [NICNT2 ]. Jesus raises his voice to emphasize what he is about to say [NICNT1 , Rd ].

d. pres. act. subj. of διψάω (LN 25.17, 23.39) (BAGD 2. p. 200): ‘to be thirsty’ [LN (23.39), WBC ; CEV , NASB , NCV NET , NIV , NJB NLT , NRSV , Ph , REB , TEV ], ‘to thirst’ [AB , BAGD , Gdt , HTC , LN (23.39), NICNT2 , NTC ; KJV ], ‘to desire strongly’ [LN ]. This verb literally means the state resulting from not having drunk anything for a period of time [LN (23.29)]. It figuratively means to have a strong desire to attain some goal, with the implication of an existing lack [LN (25.17)]. It is used figuratively and means ‘to long for something, to have a strong desire for something’ [BAGD ]. Figuratively ‘to be thirsty’ means ‘to need God’ [TRT ]. ‘To be thirsty’ signifies that a person has spiritual needs as in Matthew 5:6 [EGT , Gdt , Lns , My , NTC ]. To ‘thirst’ indicates that whatever innocent desires and spiritual aspirations a person may have, Christ can satisfy them all [EGT ].

QUESTION—What is meant by ‘the last day’?

1. The last day refers to the eighth day [BAR , CH , EGT , Gdt , ICC , Lns , My ]. The seventh day was no different than the other six. But the eighth day was marked by special ceremonies: ‘On the eighth day hold an assembly and do no regular work’ (Numbers 29:35) [Gdt ].

2. The last day refers to the seventh day [AB , HTC , Rd ]. On the eighth day there is no ceremony of drawing water, but on the seventh day the priests took water drawn from the spring of Siloam and went around the altar seven times. This is a fitting setting for Jesus’ words [HTC ]. The eighth day was a later addition to the festival and was more a day of rest than a part of the festival itself. Also Jesus’ words fit the ceremonies of the seventh day better [AB ].

QUESTION—What is significant about Jesus standing up to make this statement?

Since teachers typically sat with their disciples, the fact that Jesus stood up to make this proclamation called attention to the importance of what he was p 388 about to say [ICC , NICNT1 ]. It indicated the solemnity of what he was saying [My ].

QUESTION—What is meant by coming to Jesus and drinking?

The two verbs in the statement ‘come to me and drink’ mean essentially the same thing, namely, to believe in Jesus [Lns , NICNT1 , NICNT2 , TRT ]. The phrase ‘the one believing in me’ in verse 38 identifies the person who comes to Jesus and drinks to be the one who believes in him [My , NICNT2 ]. The verse ‘If you knew the gift of God and who is the one saying to you, “Give me to drink” you would have asked him and he would have given you living water’ (John 4:10), indicates that Jesus gives life to people [Lns , NICNT2 ].

7:38 The one (one) believing in me, as the Scripture said, “Rivers of-living^a water will flow^b out-of his heart.^c”

LEXICON—a. pres. act. participle of ζάω (LN 23.88) (BAGD 4.a. p. 337): ‘living’ [BAGD , LN ; all translations except CEV , TEV ], ‘life-giving’ [CEV , TEV ]. This kind of flowing water refers to spring water in contrast to cistern water [BAGD ].

b. fut. act. indic. of ῥέω (LN 14.17) (BAGD 1. p. 735): ‘to flow’ [BAGD , LN ; all translations except TEV ], ‘to pour out’ [TEV ]. This verb refers to the movement of a liquid [LN ].

c. κοιλία (LN 26.11, 8.67) (BAGD 3. p. 437): ‘heart’ [BAGD , HTC , LN (26.11), WBC ; NCV , NJB , NLT , NRSV ], ‘inmost heart’ [Ph ], ‘belly’ [Gdt , LN (8.67); KJV ], ‘(from) within him’ [AB , Gdt , NTC , TH , TRT ; NET , NIV , REB ], ‘innermost being’ [NASB ], ‘deep inside you’ [CEV ], ‘insides’ [NICNT2 ], ‘his side’ [TEV ], ‘feelings, desires’ [LN (26.11)], ‘internal organs’ [LN (8.67)]. This word is a figurative extension of meaning of κοιλία ‘belly’. Figuratively it denotes the psychological faculty of desire, intent, and feeling [LN (26.11)]. It symbolizes the hidden, innermost recesses of the human body so that a variation between κοιλία and καρδία ‘heart’ becomes possible [BAGD ]. ‘His belly’ refers to the person’s innermost being [TRT ; NASB ] or to the person himself [AB , ICC , NTC ; NET , NIV , REB , TRT ]. The use of naming part of the body for the person is a way of emphasis in Semitic languages [ICC ]. The living waters flow from the man’s personality (4:14) [BAR ]. It is taken in the OT to refer to man’s emotional nature [ICC , TH ]. Literally κοιλία denotes the entire digestive apparatus, including stomach and intestines [LN (8.67)].

QUESTION—How is the initial clause ὁ πιστεύων εἰς ἐμέ ‘The one believing in me’ to be connected?

1. Following the punctuation of the GNT text, this clause is to be construed with the rest of verse 38: ‘(Concerning) the one believing in me, as the Scripture said, “Rivers of living water will flow out of his heart.” ’ [BAR , CAR , Gdt , GNT , HTC , EGT , ICC , Lns , NICNT1 , NICNT2 , NTC , Rd ; CEV , KJV , NASB , NCV , Ph . REB ]. John uses the phrase ‘the one believing’ or the like to begin a clause or sentence forty-one times where p 389 there is no place where it is attached to a preceding conditional clause [CAR ]. There is no satisfactory reason to separate drinking from being thirsty. It is more logical that thirst and drinking go together (If any one is thirsty let him come to me and drink) than faith and drinking (let the one believing in me drink). The ‘one believing’ goes better with the following statement that rivers of living water will flow from that person. Actually, coming to Jesus and drinking are the same as believing in him but to invite the believer to drink is redundant [NICNT1 ].

2. This clause is to be construed with verse 37.

2.1 It is connected with the two verbs ‘to come’ and ‘to drink’: Let the one believing in me come to me and drink [CH ; NIV , NJB , NLT ]. This option seems more suitable because it is Jesus who is the fulfillment of the smitten rock in the wilderness out of which water flows, not the believer [CH ].

2.2 It is connected with only the verb ‘to drink’: ‘If anyone is thirsty let him come to me, and let the one believing in me drink’ [AB , CH , WBC ; NET , NRSV , TEV ].

QUESTION—To what Scripture does this refer?

No single passage of Scripture has definitely been agreed on as being the source. Various ones have been suggested such as: Isaiah 58:11; 44:3; 55:1; Ezekiel 47:1–12; Joel 3:18; Zechariah 13:1; 14:8; Exodus 17:6; Numbers 20:8, 11; Psalm 105:41; and Proverbs 4:23; 5:15; 18:4.

QUESTION—What is implied by the word ποταμοί ‘rivers’?

It implies that the flow will be abundant [Gdt , Lns ].

QUESTION—What is meant by the phrase ὕδατος ζῶντος ‘living water’?

The phrase ‘living water’ means ‘life-giving water’ [Lns , My , TH , TRT ; CEV , TEV ]. This phrase may be translated ‘streams with water that causes life’ or ‘that causes people to really live’ [TH ], or ‘water that gives people eternal life’ [TRT ].

QUESTION—In the phrase ‘his heart’ to whom does the pronoun αὐτοῦ ‘his’ refer?

1. It refers to the believer’s heart [BAR , BECNT , EGT , Gdt , ICC , Lns , My , NICNT1 , NTC , Rd , TH , TRT ; NRSV ]: ‘Out of the believer’s heart shall flow rivers of living water’ [NIV ]. When the believer comes to Christ and drinks he not only satisfies his own thirst, but the supply he receives is so abundant that it overflows to others. It is true that Christ is the ultimate source of living water, still the believer is an intermediate source to others [BAR , ICC , NICNT1 ]. While Christ himself is the source of living water, the believer, joined to him is also a source of living water in a secondary way [BAR ].

2. It refers to Christ’s heart [AB , (BAGD 1. p. 735), CAR , CH , HTC , IVP , Kn , NICNT2 WBC ; TEV ]. The statement, ‘Rivers of living water will flow out of his heart’ is simply a way of saying that the believer will never thirst. It is from within Christ that living water will flow, not from within the believer [NICNT2 ]. Jesus is the fulfillment of the rock that Moses p 390 struck in the wilderness and out of which water flowed, not the believer [CH ]. It is more likely that John would cite Scripture that referred to Christ than to believers and in the context believers are the recipients of the Spirit not the givers. This implies that Jesus is the source [Kn ].

7:39 Now^a this he-said about the Spirit whom the (ones who) have-believed in him were-about^b to-receive, for (the) Spirit was not-yet,^c because Jesus was- not-yet -glorified.^d

TEXT—Instead of the aorist participle οἱ πιστεύσαντες ‘the ones having believed’ some manuscripts read the present participle οἱ πιστεύοντες ‘the ones believing’, and others read the future participle οἱ πιστεύσοντες ‘the ones who will believe’. GNT reads ‘the ones having believed’ with a B rating, indicating that the text is almost certain.

TEXT—Instead of ἦν πνεῦμα ‘was (the) Spirit’ some manuscripts read ἦν πνεῦμα ἅγιον ‘was (the) Holy Spirit’, others read ἦν πνεῦμα δεδομένον ‘was (the) Spirit given’, others read ἦν πνεῦμα ἅγιον δεδομένον ‘was (the) Holy Spirit given’, and still others read ἦν τὸ πνεῦμα ἅγιον ἐπʼ αὐτοῖς ‘was the Holy Spirit on them’. GNT reads ‘was (the) Spirit’ with an A rating, indicating that the text is certain.

LEXICON—a. δέ (LN 89.124, 89.87): ‘now’ [Gdt , HTC , NTC , WBC ; NET , NRSV ], ‘but’ [LN (89.124), NICNT2 ; KJV , NASB ], ‘and, and then’ [LN (89.87)], ‘on the other hand’ [LN (89.124)], not explicit [AB ; CEV , NCV , NIV , NJB , NLT , Ph , REB , TEV ]. This conjunction is a marker of a sequence of closely related events [LN (89.87)]. It is also a marker of contrast [LN (89.124)].

b. imperf. act. indic. of μέλλω (LN 67.62) (BAGD 1.c.δ. p. 501): ‘to be about to’ [LN ], ‘to be destined to, to be certain to’ [BAGD ]. The words ὃ ἔμελλον λαμβάνειν οἱ πιστεύσαντες εἰς αὐτόν ‘whom the ones having believed in him were about to receive’ is translated ‘which they that believe on him should receive’ [KJV ], ‘who would be given to everyone that had faith in him’ [CEV ], ‘which those who believe in him would receive’ [Ph ], ‘which/whom those who believed in him were going to receive’ [NET , TEV ], ‘whom/which those who/they that/they who believed in/on him were to receive’ [Gdt , HTC , WBC ; NASB ], ‘which those were to receive who believed in him’ [NTC ], ‘which those who came to believe in him were to receive’ [AB ], ‘whom/which those who believed/had believed in him were later to receive’ [NICNT2 ; NIV , NJB ], ‘which believers in him would later receive’ [REB ], ‘which believers in him were to receive’ [NRSV ], ‘those who believed in Jesus would receive the Spirit’ [NCV ], ‘who would be given to everyone believing in him’ [NLT ]. This verb means to occur at a point of time in the future which is subsequent to another event and closely related to it [LN ]. It denotes an action that necessarily follows a divine decree [BAGD ].

c. οὔπω (LN 67.129) (BAGD p. 593): ‘not yet’ [BAGD , LN ], ‘still not’ [LN ]. The phrase οὔπω γὰρ ἦν πνεῦμα ‘for the Spirit was not yet’ p 391 [NICNT2 ] is also translated ‘for there was as yet no Spirit’ [AB ; similarly NJB , NRSV ], ‘indeed, the Spirit was not yet’ [Gdt ], ‘as yet the Spirit was not present’ [NTC ], ‘for the Spirit was not yet present’ [WBC ], ‘(for) the Spirit had not yet been given’ [NCV , NET , REB ], ‘up to/at that time the Spirit had not been given’ [NIV , TEV ], ‘the Spirit had not yet been given to anyone’ [CEV ], ‘for the Holy Ghost was not yet (given)’ [KJV ], ‘the Holy Spirit had not yet been given’ [Ph ], ‘for the Spirit was not yet given’ [NASB ], ‘for as yet the Spirit was not (given)’ [HTC ], ‘but the Spirit had not yet been (given)’ [NLT ]. This adverb indicates the negation of extending time up to and beyond an expected point [LN ].

d. aorist pass. indic. of δοξάζω (LN 87.24) (BAGD 2. p. 204): ‘to be glorified’ [BAGD , LN ], ‘to be made gloriously great’ [LN ], ‘to be clothed in splendor’ [BAGD ]. The words Ἰησοῦς οὐδέπω ἐδοξάσθη ‘Jesus was not yet glorified’ [Gdt , HTC , NICNT2 , NTC , WBC ; KJV , NASB , NET , NRSV ] is translated ‘Jesus had not-yet/not been glorified’ [AB ; NIV , NJB , Ph , REB ], ‘Jesus had not yet been given his full glory’ [CEV ], ‘Jesus had not yet been raised to glory’ [NCV ], ‘Jesus had not been raised to glory’ [TEV ], ‘Jesus had not yet entered into his glory’ [NLT ]. This verb means to cause someone to have glorious greatness [LN ].

QUESTION—Is this verse parenthetical and/or a comment from the author?

The conjunction δέ ‘now’ indicates that this verse is a parenthetical remark [CH , Lns ]. The following translations enclose this verse in parentheses [AB ; KJV , NET , NLT , Ph ]. This is an explanatory comment by the author [HTC , ICC , Lns , My , NICNT1 , NICNT2 ]. The conjunction has a mild adversative quality ‘But this he said’. It introduces a narrative aside by the author [NICNT2 ].

QUESTION—To what does the pronoun τοῦτο ‘this’ refer?

It refers back to verses 37–38, not to just the scriptural reference [NICNT2 ]. It refers specifically to the phrase ‘living water’ which is a symbol of the Spirit [AB , BAR , BECNT , CAR , CH , EGT , Gdt , HTC , ICC , IVP , My , NICNT1 , NICNT2 , NTC , Rd , TH , TRT , WBC ].

QUESTION—To whom does the word πνεῦμα ‘spirit’ refer?

It refer to the Spirit of God [My , TH ; all translations].

QUESTION—To what event does the being, or being given of the Spirit refer?

It refers to the coming of the Spirit at Pentecost [EGT , Gdt , Lns , NICNT1 , NTC ]. ‘It was not yet Spirit’ refers to the time after Pentecost and its momentous result which could be referred to as the era of Spirit. Before this the Spirit was active in the world, but nothing can compare to his activity in the time after Pentecost [NICNT1 ]. Only after Pentecost did the Spirit flow from the hearts of believers to others in spiritual gifts such as tongues, prophecy, and teaching. Through them three thousand new converts were brought to believe. Before Pentecost the Spirit was not a permanent reality in people [Gdt ]. It does not mean that the Spirit did not exist, it means that he was not a reality in relation to people before this time [AB ]. Only after the p 392 Spirit came on them could the believers be such a great blessing to the world [NTC ].

QUESTION—To what event do the words Ἰησοῦς οὐδέπω ἐδοξάσθη ‘Jesus was not yet glorified’ refer?

1. Jesus’ glorification includes his suffering and death on the cross [BAR , BECNT , CAR , CH , EGT , ICC , IVP , Lns , My , NICNT1 , TH , TRT ]. Glorification refers to the cluster of events surrounding the crucifixion [BECNT ]. God’s glory shines brightest in Jesus’ death since God is love and that means the laying down of one’s life [IVP ]. Jesus’ glorification came by way of his death and resurrection. It was through this that the Spirit became available to believers [CH ]. Glorification includes his death, resurrection, and ascension to the Father [CAR ]. John talks about the cross in terms of glory not shame. The cross was the necessary prelude to Pentecost [NICNT1 ]. After Jesus’ return to the Father, the Father and Son will send the Holy Spirit but it is in his death that Jesus is glorified [BAR ]. Glorification refers to the whole process that began with Jesus’ death. But it particularly refers to the Father’s recognition of Jesus as being the exalted Messiah [EGT ]. That Jesus’ suffering and death were his glorification is seen in 12:16, 23; and 13:31. It was not until Jesus was glorified in death that his Spirit could descend. Pentecost necessarily followed Calvary [ICC ]. In John glorification comes from Jesus’ being lifted up. This term has a double connotation in John referring both to being lifted up on the cross and being raised to honor into the presence of the Father [TH ].

2. Glorification refers to Jesus’ return to his Father’s side in Heaven [Gdt , HTC , NICNT2 , Rd ]. Some feel it refers in part to Jesus’ death, but nowhere does the term ‘glorified’ refer to the death of Jesus. The words ‘lifted up’ would be necessary to indicate this. Jesus was glorified when he was reinstated as man, in his glory as Logos. From this position he was able to send the Spirit to believers [Gdt ]. It refers to the time after Jesus resurrection when he has returned to the Father and been glorified by him [HTC ]. Jesus’ glorification looks past death to his final vindication [NICNT2 ]. It refers to the time after Jesus has gone to the Father for not until then can the Spirit draw from the benefits of Jesus’ finished work and teach the believers what they at this point are unable to bear [Rd ].

7:40 Then (some) of the crowd having-heard these words were-saying, “This-man is really^a the Prophet.^b

LEXICON—a. ἀληθής (LN 70.3) (BAGD 1. p. 37): ‘really’ [BAGD , HTC , LN ; NCV , NET , NRSV , Ph , TEV ], ‘truly’ [BAGD , LN , NICNT2 , WBC ], ‘certainly’ [NASB ], ‘surely’ [NIV , NLT ], ‘indeed’ [NTC ; NJB ], ‘undoubtedly’ [AB ], ‘of a truth’ [Gdt ; KJV ]. The statement Οὗτός ἐστιν ἀληθῶς ὁ προφήτης ‘This one is really the Prophet’ is translated ‘He must be the Prophet!’ [CEV ], ‘This must certainly be the Prophet’ [REB ]. This adverb describes something as being real and not imaginary [LN ].

p 393 b. προφήτης (LN 53.79) (BAGD 3. p. 723): ‘prophet’ [BAGD , LN ], ‘inspired preacher’ [LN ]. The phrase ὁ προφήτης ‘the prophet’ [Gdt , HTC , NTC , WBC ; NJB , NRSV ] is also translated ‘the Prophet’ [AB , BAGD , NICNT2 ; all versions except NJB , NRSV ]. This noun denotes one who proclaims inspired utterances on behalf of God [LN ]. He is a proclaimer and interpreter of the divine revelation [BAGD ].

QUESTION—What is meant by the phrase ἐκ τοῦ ὄχλου ‘of the crowd’?

This phrase in the genitive case is partitive and a word like ‘some’ or ‘many’ is implied [BAR , BECNT , CAR , CH , ICC , IVP , Lns , My , NICNT1 , TH ; all versions except]: some of the crowd.

QUESTION—Who was the prophet they referred to?

It was the prophet Moses prophesied about in Deuteronomy 18:15, ‘The Lord your God will raise up for you a prophet like me from among your own brothers. You must listen to him’ [AB , BAR , BECNT , CAR , CH , HTC , ICC , IVP , Kn , Lns , My , NICNT1 , NTC , TH , WBC ].

QUESTION—Was ‘the Prophet’ also thought of as the Messiah?

They mean by ‘the Prophet’, the prophet promised by Moses. ‘The Prophet’ was a messianic figure, not a person who was separate from the Messiah [HTC ]. It is not clear that they thought of him as the Messiah [BAR , BECNT , CAR , Lns , NTC , Rd ]. In this context the Prophet and the Messiah are clearly distinguished [BAR , Lns ]. The Prophet was thought to be the forerunner of the Messiah [Lns , My ]. This claim that Jesus is the Prophet is almost the same as the claim by the people who wanted to seize him and make him king (6:14–15) [NICNT2 ].

QUESTION—To what do the words τῶν λόγων τούτων ‘these words’ refer?

In addition to verses 38, and 39 ‘these words’ also refer to verses 16, 28, and 33 of this chapter which were also Jesus’ words [Lns ]. They refer to all that Jesus was teaching during the feast (25–38) [ICC ].

7:41 Others were-saying, “This (man) is the Christ.^a” But some were-saying, “For^b surely-not^c the Christ comes from Galilee?

LEXICON—a. Χριστός (LN 53.82) (BAGD 1. p. 887): ‘Christ’ [BAGD , Gdt , HTC , LN , NICNT2 , NTC , WBC ; KJV , NASB , NCV , NET , NIV , NJB , Ph ], ‘Messiah’ [AB , BAGD , LN ; CEV , NLT , NRSV , REB , TEV ], ‘Anointed One’ [BAGD ]. This noun denotes the Μεσσίας, (literally ‘one who has been anointed’) and it is used in the NT as a title for Jesus as the Messiah [LN ]. It is here used as a title rather than a name [BAGD ]. It could be translated ‘Messiah’ or ‘the specially chosen one’ or ‘the one whom God has specially chosen/designated’ [TH ].

b. γάρ (LN 89.23, 91.1) (BAGD 1.f. p. 152): ‘for’ [LN (89.23); NET ], ‘because’ [LN (89.23)], ‘even’ [CEV ], ‘then’ [Gdt , LN (91.1)], ‘what!’ [BAGD ], not explicit [all translations except Gdt ; CEV , NET ]. This conjunction is a marker of cause or reason between events, though in some contexts the relation is often remote or tenuous [LN (89.23)]. It is also a marker of a new sentence, but is often best left untranslated [LN p 394 (91.1)]. It is often used in questions where the English idiom leaves the word untranslated. It adds words like ‘then, pray, what!, why!’ to the question. Here it could be translated ‘What! Is the Messiah to hail from Galilee?’ [BAGD ]. Hoogeveen explains the γάρ by translating ‘Others said this is not the Christ: for Christ will not come out of Galilee’. In this way γάρ gives reason for the denial that is indicated by the contrastive ‘but’ [EGT ]. The γάρ strengthens μή to mean, ‘What! Does the Christ …?’ [BAR ]. It means ‘By no means, for’ [Gdt ].

c. μή (LN 69.15) (BAGD C.1. p. 517): ‘surely not’ [AB , NTC ; NASB , REB ], ‘not’ [AB , NTC , WBC ; NASB , NCV , NET , NLT , NRSV , REB , TEV ]. The question Μὴ γὰρ ἐκ τῆς Γαλιλαίας ὁ Χριστὸς ‘For surely not the Christ comes from Galilee?’ is translated ‘No, for the Christ doesn’t come from Galilee, does he?’ [NET ], ‘The Christ doesn’t come from Galilee, does he?’ [WBC ], ‘Surely the Christ is not going to come from Galilee, is He?’ [NASB ], ‘Surely the Messiah does not come from Galilee, does he?’ [NRSV ], ‘Surely the Messiah is not to come from Galilee? [AB ; REB ], ‘Surely, the Christ does not come out of Galilee, does he?’ [NTC ], ‘But he can’t be! Will the Messiah come from Galilee?’ [NLT ], ‘The Christ/Messiah will not come from Galilee’ [NCV , TEV ], ‘How can the Christ come from Galilee?’ [NIV ], ‘Can the Messiah come from Galilee?’ [CEV ], ‘Shall/does Christ come out of/from Galilee?’ [Gdt , NICNT2 ; KJV ], ‘Would the Christ come from Galilee?’ [NJB ], ‘Is the Christ to come from Galilee?’ [HTC ], ‘And does Christ come from Galilee? (Don’t the Scriptures say that Christ will be descended from David, and come from Bethlehem?)’ [Ph ]. This interrogative particle is used when a negative response is expected to a question [BAGD , BAR , LN , ICC , Lns , NICNT1 , NTC , TH ].

QUESTION—What is the function of this rhetorical question?

It is used to make a negative statement [AB , Lns , TH ; NCV , NLT , REB , TEV ]: ‘The Messiah will not come from Galilee’ [TEV ], ‘Why, out of Galilee the Christ certainly does not come?’ [Lns ]. The question form can be kept if it is translated ‘Will the Messiah come from Galilee? No, indeed’ [TH ].

7:42 Did- not^a the Scripture -say that the Christ comes from the seed^b of- David^c and from Bethlehem the village^d where David was?”

LEXICON—a. οὐχ (LN 69.11) (BAGD ): ‘not’ [all translations except NCV , NLT , TEV ], not explicit [NCV , NLT , TEV ]. This interrogative particle marks questions to which an affirmative reply is expected [HTC , LN , Lns , NTC , TH ; NCV , NLT , TEV ].

b. σπέρμα (LN 10.29) (BAGD 1.b. p. 761, 2.b. p. 762): ‘seed’ [BAGD , LN ], ‘posterity, descendants’ [BAGD (2.b.), LN ], ‘offspring’ [LN ], ‘children’ [BAGD (2.b.)]. The words ἐκ τοῦ σπέρματος Δαυὶδ ‘from/of/out-of the seed of David’ [Gdt , NICNT2 , NTC ; KJV ] is also translated ‘from the family of King David’ [CEV ], ‘from David’s family’ [WBC ; NCV , NIV ; p 395 similarly REB ], ‘being of David’s family’ [AB ], ‘from the descendants of David’ [NASB ], ‘(the Messiah/Christ is/will be) a descendant of David’ [NET , Ph , TEV ], ‘(Christ) is/must be descended from David’ [HTC ; NJB ], ‘(the Messiah) is descended from David’ [NRSV ], ‘will be born of the royal line of David’ [NLT ]. This noun is used figuratively of σπέρμα ‘seed’ (3.35) to mean posterity, with emphasis on the ancestor’s role in founding the lineage [LN ]. It literally denotes ‘the male seed’ or ‘semen’ [BAGD (1.b.)]. The ‘seed of David’ referring to Jesus means David’s ‘descendant’ or ‘child’ [BAGD (2.b. p. 762)].

c. Δαυίδ (LN 93.91) (BAGD p. 171): ‘David’ [BAGD , LN ; all translations except CEV , TEV ], ‘King David’ [CEV , TEV ]. This noun denotes a king of Israel and an ancestor in the genealogy of Jesus [LN ].

d. κώμη (LN 1.92) (BAGD 1. p. 461): ‘village’ [AB , Gdt , HTC , LN , NICNT2 , NTC , WBC ; NASB , NET , NJB , NLT , NRSV , Ph , REB ], ‘town’ [KJV , NCV , NIV , TEV ], ‘small town’ [BAGD ], ‘hometown’ [CEV ]. This noun denotes a relatively unimportant population center in contrast with πόλις ‘city,’ (1.89) [LN ].

QUESTION—What Scriptures are these people referring to?

The Scripture is not agreed on definitely. Here is a list from those cited: Micah 5:2; Jeremiah 23:5; 1 Samuel 17:15; 20:6; 2 Samuel 7:12ff.; Isaiah 9:7; 1:10; 7:14; 11:1; 55:3; Psalms 18(17):50; 84:4ff.; 89(88):3ff.; 132:11.

QUESTION—What is the function of this rhetorical question?

It is used to make a positive statement [NCV , NLT , TEV ]: ‘The Scripture says that the Christ will come from David’s family and from Bethlehem, the town where David lived’ [NCV ].

QUESTION—What is the meaning of ‘Bethlehem, the village where David was’?

It meant that Bethlehem was the village where David lived [AB , NTC ; NCV , NET , NIV , NRSV , Ph , TEV ], or where he was born [NLT ]. It means that Bethlehem was his hometown [TH ; CEV ] or the town from which he came, not that he lived there all his life [TH ]. David was born and grew up there [Lns , My , NICNT1 ] but after Saul took him to be with him there is no record that he returned there [NICNT1 ]. It was where David spent his youth [EGT ].

7:43 So (a) division^a occurred among the crowd because-of him. 7:44 And some of them were-wanting^b to-arrest^c him, but no-one laid^d hands on him.

LEXICON—a. σχίσμα (LN 39.13) (BAGD 2. p. 797): ‘division’ [BAGD , Gdt , HTC , LN , NTC , WBC ; KJV , NET , NRSV , REB , TEV ], ‘discord’ [LN ], ‘split’ [BAGD , NICNT2 ], ‘dissension, schism’ [BAGD ]. The words σχίσμα ἐγένετο ‘a division occurred among/in the crowd’ [NASB ] is also translated ‘there was a division in the crowd’ [NET , NRSV , TEV ], ‘there was a division among the people’ [KJV ], ‘he was the cause of a division among the people’ [REB ], ‘the people started taking sides against each other’ [CEV ], ‘the people did not agree with each other’ [NCV ], ‘the people could not agree’ [NJB ], ‘the people were divided’ [NIV ], ‘the p 396 crowd was divided’ [NLT ], ‘the crowd was sharply divided’ [AB ], ‘the people were in two minds’ [Ph ], ‘a split took place’ [NICNT2 ]. This noun denotes a division into opposing groups [LN ]. It denotes a party or faction rather than a strict schism [NICNT1 ]. It indicates a serious difference of opinion among the people [TH ].

b. imperf. act. indic. of θέλω (LN 25.1) (BAGD 2. p. 355): ‘to want’ [BAGD , LN ; all translations except Gdt ; KJV , REB ], ‘to will’ [BAGD , Gdt ; KJV ], ‘to wish’ [BAGD , LN ], ‘to desire’ [LN ]. The words τινὲς δὲ ἤθελον ἐξ αὐτῶν πιάσαι αὐτόν ‘And some of them were wanting to arrest him’ is translated ‘Some of them were for arresting him’ [REB ]. This verb means to desire to have or experience something [LN ].

c. aorist act. indic. of πιάζω (LN 37.110) (BAGD 2.a. p. 657): ‘to arrest’ [AB , BAGD , HTC , LN , NICNT2 , NTC ; CEV , NCV , NJB , NLT , NRSV , REB ], ‘to seize’ [BAGD , LN , WBC ; NASB , NET , NIV , Ph , TEV ], ‘to take’ [Gdt ; KJV ], ‘to grasp, to take hold of, to take into custody’ [BAGD ]. This verb means to take a person into custody for alleged illegal activity [BAGD , LN ], with hostile intent [BAGD ].

d. aorist act. indic. of ἐπιβάλλω (LN 37.110) (BAGD 1.b. p. 289): ‘to lay on’ [BAGD , LN ], ‘to put on’ [BAGD ]. The words οὐδεὶς ἐπέβαλεν ἐπʼ αὐτὸν τὰς χεῖρας ‘no one/nobody laid hands on him’ [AB , Gdt , HTC , NICNT2 , WBC ; NASB , NRSV , Ph , REB ] is also translated ‘no one laid a hand on him’ [CEV , NET , NIV , NLT , TEV ], ‘no one actually laid a hand on him’ [NJB ], ‘no man laid hands on him’ [KJV ], ‘no one laid hold on him’ [NTC ], ‘no one was able to touch him’ [NCV ]. The words ἐπιβάλλω τὰς χεῖρας ἐπί literally ‘to lay hands on’ is an idiom meaning to take a person into custody for alleged illegal activity [LN ]. They mean ‘to put or lay hands violently on someone’ [BAGD ].

QUESTION—To whom does the phrase τινὲς ἐξ αὐτῶν ‘some of them’ refer?

1. It refers to some people in the crowd [AB , Gdt , ICC , Lns , My , NICNT1 , TH ], and not to the police referred to in verses 32 and 45 [My , NICNT1 ]. They were some violent people in the crowd who were pressing the officers to carry out their mission [Gdt ]. They were some of the pilgrims to the feast who may have been followers of the Pharisees [Lns ].

2. It refers to the officers sent by the chief priests and Pharisees to arrest Jesus [Kn ]. Some of the officers sent wanted to carry out their mission but were hindered because other officers had begun to believe in Jesus [Kn ].

DISCOURSE UNIT—7:45–8:1 [TRT ]. The topic is the Jewish leaders refuse to believe in Jesus.

DISCOURSE UNIT—7:45–52 [BECNT , CAR , EGT , GNT , Kn , NICNT1 , WBC ; CEV , NCV , NET , NIV , NRSV , TEV ]. The topic is the unbelief of the Jewish leaders [BECNT , CAR , GNT , Kn ; CEV , NCV , NET , NIV , NRSV , TEV ], division among the authorities [WBC ], the failure to arrest Jesus [NICNT1 ], the anger of the Sanhedrin [EGT ].

p 397 7:45 Then the temple-police came to the chief-priests and Pharisees, and those (ones) said to-them, “Why did-you(pl)- not -bring^a him?” 7:46 The temple-police answered, “Never^b did- (a) man -speak thus.^c”

TEXT—Instead of ἐλάλησεν οὕτως ἄνθρωπος ‘a man speak thus’, some manuscripts read οὕτως ἐλάλησεν ἄνθρωπος ὡς οὗτος ὁ ἄνθρωπος ‘thus spoke (a) man as this man’, and others read οὕτως ἄνθρωπος ἐλάλησεν ὡς οὗτος λαλεῖ ὁ ἄνθρωπος ‘thus spoke (a) man as this man speaks’. GNT reads ‘a man speak thus’ with a B rating, indicating that the text is almost certain.

LEXICON—a. aorist act. indic. of ἄγω (LN 15.165) (BAGD 2. p. 14): ‘to bring’ [Gdt , HTC , LN , NTC , WBC ; CEV , KJV , NASB , NICNT, NCV , NJB , Ph , REB , TEV ], ‘to bring in’ [AB , NICNT2 ; NIV , NLT ], ‘to arrest’ [BAGD ; NRSV ], ‘to bring back’ [NET ], ‘to lead’ [LN ], ‘to lead away, to take into custody’ [BAGD ]. This verb means to direct or guide the movement of an object without special regard to the point of departure or goal. It also occurs in contexts in which the leading involves force [LN ]. Here it is a legal technical term meaning ‘lead away, take into custody, arrest’ [BAGD ].

b. οὐδέποτε (LN 67.10) (BAGD 592): ‘never’ [BAGD , LN ], ‘not ever, at no time’ [LN ], ‘so, in this way’ [LN ]. The statement Οὐδέποτε ἐλάλησεν οὕτως ἄνθρωπος ‘Never did a man speak thus’ is translated ‘never did a man speak as this man speaks [NTC ], ‘never man spake like this man’ [Gdt ; KJV ], ‘never has a man spoken the way this man speaks’ [NASB ], ‘never has anyone/a man spoken like this/this man’ [AB , WBC ; NRSV ], ‘nobody has ever talked the way this man does’ [LN ; TEV ], ‘no one ever spoke as this man speaks’ [REB ], ‘no one ever talked the way this man does’ [NIV ], ‘no one has ever spoken like that/this man’ [CEV , NJB ], ‘no one ever spoke like this man’ [HTC , NET ], ‘no man ever spoke like that’ [NICNT2 ; Ph ], ‘the words he says are greater than the words of any other person who has ever spoken!’ [NCV ], ‘we have never heard anyone speak like this’ [NLT ]. This adverb describes an indefinite negated point of time [LN ].

c. οὕτως (LN 61.9) (BAGD 2. p. 598): ‘thus’ [LN ], ‘in this way’ [BAGD , LN ], ‘so’ [LN ], ‘as follows’ [BAGD ]. This adverb refers to what precedes [LN ]. For translations see b. above.

QUESTION—Who are the temple police referred to here?

They are the officers sent to arrest Jesus by the chief priests and Pharisees in verse 32 [BECNT , BAR , CAR , EGT , HTC , ICC , My , NICNT1 , TH , TRT ].

QUESTION—To whom does the pronoun ἐκεῖνοι ‘those ones’ refer?

It refers to the chief priests and Pharisees [BAR , EGT , Gdt , ICC , My ]. John uses it in the sense of ‘those enemies of Jesus’ [Gdt ].

QUESTION—What is the function of the rhetorical question ‘Why did you not bring him?’

The chief priests were reprimanding the officers for not bringing Jesus with them [HTC , Lns ]. It is a mild rebuke [Lns ].

p 398 QUESTION—Why were the temple police amazed at Jesus’ teaching?

These men were Levites and were religiously trained [BECNT , CAR ] and so were impressed and hesitant to carry out their mission considering the wisdom and authority of Jesus’ teaching [CAR ]. They were not unfeeling thugs. They had heard much religious teaching in the temple and they recognized that Jesus’ teaching was unique [BECNT ].

7:47 Then the Pharisees answered them, “Surely-not^a you(pl) also have-been-deceived?^b”

LEXICON—a. μή (LN 69.15): ‘surely not’ [NRSV ]. The question Μὴ καὶ ὑμεῖς πεπλάνησθε ‘Surely not you also have been deceived?’ is translated ‘Surely you have not been deceived too, have you?’ [NRSV ], ‘Are you also deceived?’ [NICNT2 ; KJV ], ‘You haven’t been deceived too, have you?’ [NET ], ‘You mean he has deceived you also?’ [NIV ], ‘It surely cannot be that you also have been led astray?’ [NTC ], ‘You have not also been led astray, have you?’ [WBC ; NASB ], ‘So you, too, have been led astray?’ [NJB ], ‘Have you been led astray, too?’ [NLT ], ‘Are you also led astray?’ [Gdt ], ‘Are you led astray, you also?’ [HTC ], ‘Have you too been misled?’ [REB ], ‘Have you also been fooled?’ [CEV ], ‘So Jesus has fooled you also!’ [NCV ], ‘Did he fool you too?’ [TEV ], ‘Don’t tell us you have been fooled too!’ [AB ], ‘Has he pulled the wool over your eyes, too?’ [Ph ]. This negative particle indicates that a negative response is expected to the question [ICC , LN , Lns , NICNT1 , NTC , TH , TRT , WBC ; NASB , NET , NRSV ]. To bring out that a negative response is expected, this question may be expressed ‘We hope he did not fool you/deceive you/lead you in the wrong way’ [TH ].

b. perf. pass. indic. of πλανάω (LN 31.8) (BAGD 2.c.δ. p. 665): ‘to be deceived’ [BAGD , LN , NICNT2 ; KJV , NET , NIV , NRSV ], ‘to be led astray’ [Gdt , HTC , NTC ; NASB , NJB , NLT ], ‘to be misled’ [BAGD , LN ; REB ], ‘to be fooled’ [AB ; CEV , NCV , TEV ], ‘to have the wool pulled over one’s eyes’ [Ph ], ‘to be caused to be mistaken’ [LN ]. This verb is a figurative extension of the literal meaning of πλανάω ‘to cause to wander off the path,’ but it does not occur as such in the NT . It means to cause someone to hold a wrong view and thus be mistaken. To mislead people as to proper views which they should have may often be expressed idiomatically, for example, ‘to twist people’s thoughts’, ‘to cause what is false to seem like what is true’, ‘to make a lie appear true’, ‘to dig away the truth’, or ‘to cover the eyes with lies’ [LN ].

QUESTION—What is implied by this question?

Their question functions as a reprimand [HTC ]. They are mocking the actions of their temple police [BECNT , CAR , Lns , Rd ] and criticizing them with their sarcasm [TRT ]. They ridicule the officers who as Levites should have known better, but instead have allowed themselves to be seduced by Jesus, something that real thinkers would never have allowed [CAR ].

p 399 QUESTION—What word is emphasized in this question?

The pronoun ὑμεῖς ‘you(pl)’ is emphatic [HTC , TH ]: ‘Are you led astray, you also?’ [HTC ].

QUESTION—Who is the agent of the passive verb ‘to be led astray’?

The implied agent is Jesus [TH ; NCV , NIV , Ph , TEV ]: ‘So Jesus has fooled you also!’ [NCV ].

7:48 Surely-not^a any of the rulers^b or of the Pharisees believed in him?

LEXICON—a. μή (LN 69.15): ‘not’ [AB , NTC , WBC ; NASB , NET ]. The question μή τις ἐκ τῶν ἀρχόντων ἐπίστευσεν εἰς αὐτὸν ἢ ἐκ τῶν Φαρισαίων ‘Surely not any of the rulers or of the Pharisees believed in him?’ is translated ‘Not one of the chief priests or Pharisees has faith in him’ [CEV ], ‘No one of the rulers or Pharisees has believed in him, has he?’ [NASB ], ‘None of the rulers or the Pharisees have believed in him, have they?’ [NET ], ‘None of the rulers or of the Pharisees believed in him, did they?’ [NTC ; similarly WBC ], ‘Has any if the rulers believed in him, or any of the Pharisees?’ [NICNT2 ], ‘Have any of the leaders or the Pharisees believed in him? No!’ [NCV ], ‘Have you ever known one of the authorities or one Pharisee to believe in him?’ [TEV ], ‘You don’t see any of the Sanhedrin believing in him, do you? Or any of the Pharisees?’ [AB ]. The negative particle μή implies that a negative reply is expected to the question [AB , CH , HTC , ICC , LN , Lns , NICNT1 , NTC , WBC ; CEV , NASB , NCV , NET ].

b. ἄρχων (LN 37.56) (BAGD 2.a. p. 114): ‘ruler’ [Gdt , LN , NICNT2 , NTC ; KJV , NASB , NET , NIV , NLT , REB ], ‘authority’ [BAGD , HTC ; NJB , NRSV , Ph , TEV ], ‘leader’ [NCV ], ‘chief priest’ [CEV ], ‘one of the Sanhedrin’ [AB ], ‘governor’ [LN ], ‘official’ [BAGD ]. This noun is derived from the verb ‘to rule,’ and denotes one who rules or governs [LN ]. It denotes in general those in authority and here the Jewish authorities or members of the Sanhedrin [BAGD ].

QUESTION—What is meant by the word ἄρχων ‘ruler’?

This is the same word that describes Nicodemus in 3:1. It is a reference to Jewish religious authorities, not to political leaders [TH ]. It may refer to members of the Sanhedrin [AB , BAGD , TH ], the Jewish body that had authority in religious matters and was led by the High Priest [TH ]. It refers to the high priestly party and the Sadducees in contrast to the Pharisees [NICNT1 ].

QUESTION—What is the function of this rhetorical question?

It functions to reprimand the officers by informing them that none of the rulers or Pharisees has come to believe in Jesus [HTC , TRT ]. It severely blames the officers for not doing as they were told [ICC ]. It implies that if the rulers have not believed, no subordinate person would be right to make their own decision and believe in Jesus [EGT , Lns , NTC , TRT , WBC ].

p 400 7:49 But^a this crowd^b (that) does- not -know the law^c is accursed.^d”

LEXICON—a. ἀλλά (LN 89.125) (BAGD 3. p. 38): ‘but’ [BAGD , Gdt , HTC , LN , NICNT2 , NTC , WBC ; KJV , NASB , NCV , NET , NRSV , Ph ], ‘No!’ [AB ; NIV ], ‘on the contrary, instead’ [LN ], ‘and’ [CEV ], ‘as for’ [REB ], not explicit [NJB , NLT , TEV ]. This conjunction is a marker of more emphatic contrast than δέ ‘but’ [LN ]. This is a strong adversative and is equivalent to our ‘No!’ [Lns ]. Here it signals a breaking off and transitioning suddenly to the counter exclamation [My ]. It occurs before independent clauses, to indicate that the preceding is to be regarded as a settled matter, thus forming a transition to something new [BAGD ].

b. ὄχλος (LN 87.64) (BAGD 2. p. 601): ‘crowd’ [BAGD ], ‘common people’ [BAGD , LN ], ‘rabble’ [BAGD , LN ], ‘populace’ [BAGD ]. The phrase ὄχλος οὗτος ‘this crowd’ [HTC , NICNT2 ; NASB , NRSV , Ph , TEV ] is also translated ‘this foolish crowd’ [NLT ], ‘this people’ [KJV ], ‘these people’ [CEV , NCV ], ‘the common people’ [LN ], ‘this multitude’ [Gdt ], ‘this rabble’ [BAGD , NTC ; NET , NJB , REB ], ‘this mob’ [AB , My , WBC ; NIV ]. This noun denotes the common people, in contrast with those who are rich, leaders, and/or authorities in the society, often with the implication of disdain and low esteem on their part [LN ]. It is used contemptuously here [AB , BAGD , BECNT , EGT , Gdt , HTC , ICC , Lns , My , NICNT1 , NTC , Rd ]. The term ὄχλος οὗτος ‘this crowd’ paraphrases the rabbinic expression ‘am ha’arets ‘the people of the land’ [AB , BAR , CAR , HTC , IVP , Rd , WBC ], ‘the mob’ [EGT ], ‘the country rabble’ [Lns ], and it was applied to people who were ignorant and uninstructed [NICNT2 ]. It was a derogatory term [IVP , Rd ] used to refer to people who cared little about the rules made by the scribes and Pharisees [AB , Rd ].

c. νόμος (LN 33.56) (BAGD 4.b. p. 543): ‘law’ [BAGD , Gdt , HTC , NICNT2 , NTC ; KJV , NCV , NET , NIV , NLT , NRSV , REB ] ‘Law’ [AB , WBC ; CEV , NASB , NJB , Ph ], ‘Law of Moses’ [TEV ]. See the definition of this noun at 1:17. It denotes a collection of holy writings precious to the Jews, that is, Holy Scripture, generally on the principle that the most authoritative part gives its name to the whole [BAGD ]. It is important that this conveys to the reader the religious law, and not the law of the state [TH ]. This word occurs at 1:17, 45; 7:19, 23, 49, 51; 8:5, 17; 10:34; 12:34; 15:25; 18:31; 19:7.

d. ἐπάρατος (LN 33.475) (BAGD p. 283): ‘accursed’ [BAGD , LN ], ‘cursed’ [LN ]. The phrase ἐπάρατοί εἰσιν ‘is/are accursed’ [Gdt , HTC , NICNT2 , NTC ; NASB , NET , NRSV ] is also translated ‘are cursed’ [WBC ; KJV ], ‘are under God’s curse’ [NCV , TEV ], ‘are under God’s curse anyway’ [CEV ], ‘God’s curse is on them’ [NLT ], ‘a curse is on them’ [REB ], ‘there is a curse on them’ [NIV ], ‘they are damned’ [AB ; NJB ], ‘is damned anyway’ [Ph ]. This adjective describes a person or thing as being cursed [LN ]. It describes someone who is estranged and excluded from the privileges of God’s people [Rd ]. To be cursed is to be destroyed p 401 by God and could be translated ‘God will destroy them’ or ‘God will cause them to perish’ [TH ].

QUESTION—What Scripture(s) supports the curse on the crowd?

Deuteronomy 27:26 states: ‘Cursed is the man who does not uphold the words of this law by carrying them out’ [AB , NICNT1 , Rd ]. Other Scriptures are Deuteronomy 28:15 and Psalm 119:21 [AB , Rd ].

QUESTION—What do the Pharisees imply by this statement?

The learned Jews referred to the common people as ‘people of the earth, vermin’. They imply that they themselves, knowing the law, have unanswerable reasons for rejecting Jesus [Gdt ]. They mean that since the crowd believed in Jesus this proved that they did not know the law [NICNT2 ]. They imply that the study of the law made a person wise and pious and since the people in the crowd were not students of the law, they must be ignorant and evil [NTC ]. Their reply is an angry insult [Lns ].

7:50 Nicodemus the (one) having-come to him before,^a being one of them, says to them, 7:51 “Surely-not^b our law judges the man unless it- first -hears^c from him and knows^d what he-does?”

LEXICON—a. πρότερος (LN 67.18) (BAGD 1.b.β. p. 722): ‘before’ [LN , HTC ; NASB , NCV , NET , NRSV , TEV ], ‘earlier’ [LN ; CEV , NIV , NJB , NLT ], ‘previously’ [BAGD , NICNT2 , NTC ; Ph ], ‘before by night’ [Gdt ], ‘first’ [NASB , NIV ], ‘formerly’ [BAGD , LN , WBC ], ‘by night’ [KJV ], ‘once’ [REB ], ‘beforehand, in former times’ [BAGD ], not explicit [AB ; NCV ]. This adverb describes a point of time earlier in a sequence [LN ].

b. μή (LN 69.15) (BAGD C.1. p. 517): ‘surely not’ [NJB , Ph ], ‘not’ [NTC ; NASB , NET , NRSV , Ph , CEV , NCV , TEV ]. The question is translated ‘Our Law does not judge a man before giving him a hearing and learning what he is doing, does it?’ [NTC ; similarly WBC ; NASB , NET , NRSV ], ‘According to our Law we cannot condemn a man before a legal hearing to find out what he has done, can we?’ [LN ], ‘But surely our Law does not allow us to pass judgement on anyone without first giving him a hearing and discovering what he is doing?’ [NJB ], ‘But surely our Law does not condemn the accused without hearing what he has to say, and finding out what he has done?’ [Ph ], ‘Since when does our Law condemn any man without first hearing him and knowing the facts?’ [AB ], ‘Our Law doesn’t let us condemn people before we hear what they have to say. We cannot judge them before we know what they have done’ [CEV ], ‘Our Law does not judge a man without hearing him and knowing what he has done’ [NCV ], ‘According to our Law we cannot condemn people before hearing them and finding out what they have done’ [TEV ], ‘Doth our law judge [any] man, before it hear him, and know what he does?’ [KJV ], ‘Does our law judge a man without first giving him a hearing and learning what he does?’ [HTC , NICNT2 ; similarly NIV ], ‘Is it legal to convict a man before he is given a hearing’ [NLT ], ‘Does our law permit us to pass judgement on someone without first giving him a hearing and learning the p 402 facts?’ [REB ], ‘Does our law then condemn a man before hearing from him and taking knowledge of what he does?’ [Gdt ]. The negative particle μή implies that a negative reply is expected to the question [AB , BAGD , LN , Lns , NICNT1 , NICNT2 , NTC , TH , TRT , WBC ; CEV , NASB , NCV , NET , NJB , NRSV , Ph , TEV ].

c. pres. act. subj. of ἀκούω (LN 56.13) (BAGD 2. p. 32): ‘to hear’ [AB , BAGD , Gdt , NICNT2 , WBC ; KJV , NASB , NCV , NET , NIV , Ph ], ‘to give someone a hearing’ [BAGD , HTC , NTC ; NJB , NLT , NRSV , REB ] ‘to hear a case, to provide a legal hearing, to hear a case in court’ [LN ]. The words ἐὰν μὴ ἀκούσῃ πρῶτον παρʼ αὐτοῦ ‘unless it first hears from him’ is translated ‘before we hear what they have to say’ [CEV ], ‘before a legal hearing’ [LN ], ‘without first giving him a hearing’ [NJB ], ‘before he is given a hearing’ [NLT ]. This verb means to give a judicial hearing in a legal matter [LN ]. It is a legal technical term meaning ‘to give someone a hearing’ [BAGD ]. The agent of the two verbs ‘to hear’ and ‘to know’ is the judge who is personified in the word ‘law’ [BAR , Gdt , HTC , My , NICNT2 , Rd ]. It is also the agent of ‘to judge’ [BAR , NICNT2 , Rd ].

d. aorist act. subj. of γινώσκω (LN 28.1) (BAGD ): ‘to know’ [AB , LN , WBC ; CEV , KJV , NASB , NCV ], ‘to learn’ [HTC , NICNT2 , NTC ; NET , REB ], ‘to find out’ [NIV , NRSV , Ph , TEV ], ‘to discover’ [NJB ], ‘to take knowledge’ [Gdt ], ‘to know about, to have knowledge of, to be acquainted with’ [LN ]. The words ἐὰν μὴ ἀκούσῃ πρῶτον παρʼ αὐτοῦ καὶ γνῷ τί ποιεῖ ‘unless it first hears from him and knows what he does’ is translated ‘before he is given a hearing?’ [NLT ]. This verb means to possess information about [LN ].

QUESTION—Who was Nicodemus and what is remarkable about his comment?

He was a Pharisee [Lns , My , NICNT2 , Rd , TH , TRT ] and a member of the Sanhedrin [ICC ]. He is one of the leaders so this fact should be made clear in the translation since it could be understood that he was one of the crowd [TH ; CEV , NET , NLT , TEV ]: ‘One of the Pharisees there was Nicodemus’ [TEV ]. The Pharisees had claimed that none of the rulers believed in him and implied that they knew the law. Now Nicodemus, himself a Pharisee, stands and directly points out their own disregard for the Law [Lns , NICNT1 , NTC ].

QUESTION—To what previous experience does the word ‘before’ refer?

It refers to the time when Nicodemus came to Jesus by night recorded in chapter 3 [BECNT , Rd , TRT ].

QUESTION—What Scripture(s) may Nicodemus be referring to?

Rabbi Eleazar ben Pedath says in the Midrash on Exodus Rabbah 21:3, ‘Unless a mortal hears the pleas that a man can put forward, he is not able to give judgment’ [AB , CAR , NICNT1 ]. Other references cited were: Exodus 23:1–2; Leviticus 19:15, 16; and Deuteronomy 1:16, 17; 17:2–5; 17:8; 19:15–19.

p 403 QUESTION—What does the clause γνῷ τί ποιεῖ ‘knows what he does’ mean?

It means to know what his intention or purpose is or what he has been doing, that is, to find out if he has been subversive or in some way was an enemy [NICNT2 ]. It means to know what is the real nature of the man’s deeds [Lns , My ].

QUESTION—What is the function of Nicodemus’ rhetorical question?

It functions to demand/request/press for a fair trial for Jesus [BECNT , HTC , Rd , TRT ]. It is used to bring up something to deliberate about concerning the matter [Lns , NICNT2 ] and may possibly mock the two previous questions of the Pharisees [NICNT2 ]. It is used to warn the leaders that the Law requires them to give Jesus a fair trial [Kn ]. It implies that in refusing to listen to one who challenged their manner of interpreting the Law, the rulers are themselves law-breakers [WBC ]. Nicodemus protests the Pharisees’ claim to know the law [EGT ] or he protests their hasty conclusion that Jesus was guilty before hearing him [My ]. It suggests that the intended procedure of the Sanhedrin is illegal [ICC ]. He was accusing them, the guardians of the law, of being law breakers [NTC ].

7:52 They-answered and said to him, “Surely-not^a you also are from Galilee?^b Search^c and see that from Galilee (a) prophet does- not -arise.^d”

TEXT—Instead of προφήτης ‘(a) prophet’, one manuscript reads ὁ προφήτης ‘the prophet’. GNT reads ‘(a) prophet’ with a B rating, indicating that the text is almost certain. AB , WBC ; REB support the second reading, ‘the prophet’.

LEXICON—a. μή (LN 69.15) (BAGD C.1. p. 517): ‘surely not’ [NRSV ]. The question Μὴ καὶ σὺ ἐκ τῆς Γαλιλαίας εἶ ‘Surely not you also are from Galilee?’ is translated ‘You are not also, perhaps, from Galilee, are you?’ [NTC ], ‘You, too, aren’t from Galilee, are you?’ [WBC ], ‘You are not also from Galilee, are you?’ [NASB ; similarly NET ], ‘Don’t tell us that you are a Galilean too’ [AB ], ‘You must be from Galilee!’ [CEV ], ‘Are you also of/from Galilee?’ [NICNT2 ; KJV ], ‘Are you, then, yourself also, a Galilean?’ [Gdt ], ‘Are you from Galilee, too?’ [HTC , NCV , NIV , NLT , TEV ], ‘Are you a Galilean too?’ [NJB , Ph , REB ]. The negative particle μή implies that a negative reply is expected to the question [AB , BAGD , HTC , LN , Lns , NICNT1 , NICNT2 , NTC , Rd , WBC ; CEV , NASB , NET ]. The μή implies that the rulers could understand Nicodemus’ demand for legal observations only on the basis that he was from Galilee [Lns ].

b. Γαλιλαία (LN 93.444) (BAGD p. 150): ‘Galilee’ [BAGD , LN ; all translations]. This noun denotes a district in the northern part of Palestine [LN ].

c. aorist act. impera. of ἐραυνάω (LN 27.34) (BAGD p. 306): ‘search’ [BAGD , Gdt , HTC , LN , NICNT2 , WBC ; KJV , NASB , NLT ], ‘to read’ [CEV ], ‘to study’ [NCV , REB , TEV ], ‘to investigate carefully’ [NET ], ‘to look into something’ [NIV ], ‘to look something up’ [AB ], ‘to look where one will’ [Ph ], ‘to go into a matter’ [NJB ], ‘to try to learn, to try to find p 404 out, to seek information’ [LN ]. This verb means to attempt to learn something by careful investigation or searching [LN ]. The verb implies that it was the Scriptures that they should search [AB , BAR , LN , NICNT2 , NTC , Rd , TH , WBC ; CEV , NCV , NLT ] or study [NCV , REB , TEV ].

d. pres. pass. indic. of ἐγείρω (BAGD 2.e. p. 215): ‘to arise’ [AB , Gdt , NICNT2 , NTC , WBC ; KJV , NASB , NJB , NRSV ], ‘to rise’ [HTC ], ‘to come’ [CEV , NCV , NET , NIV , NLT , Ph , TEV ], ‘to appear’ [BAGD ].

QUESTION—What is the function of the rhetorical question, ‘Surely not you also are from Galilee’?

The question mocks Nicodemus and sarcastically accuses him of being from Galilee. The Sanhedrin rulers scoffs at Jesus’ Galilean roots [AB ]. It maliciously assumes that Nicodemus cannot be Jesus’ follower unless he is a Galilean like him [Gdt ]. It is an angry reply [HTC , NICNT1 , NTC ]. It reveals the contempt of the rulers for the province of Galilee [CAR , EGT , HTC , NTC ]. It is intended as ridicule [BECNT , Rd ]. The rulers are scornful and indignant and by their question insinuate that Nicodemus was insincere [NTC ]. They are deeply annoyed and instead of responding to his irrefutable question they belittle him [Rd ]. The rulers would have known where Nicodemus was from. They were not asking him for information [TH , TRT ]. They may have been asking if he was partial to the Galileans as far as the origin of the Messiah was concerned [BAR , TH ]. They reply sarcastically [TRT ] and suggest that he acts as though he were one of Jesus’ friends [EGT , My , TRT ]. They respond with an insulting attack on Nicodemus [LN ].

QUESTION—Was the claim of the rulers factual?

It was not factual since Jonah is said to have come from Galilee [BECNT , CAR , Gdt , Lns , My , NICNT1 , NICNT2 , NTC , WBC ]. Jonah was from a place called Gath-hepher in Galilee (2 Kings 14:25) [NICNT2 , WBC ]. Isaiah 9:1–7 and Matthew 4:13–16 inform us that the Messiah will rise from Galilee as a great light [CH ]. Elijah (1 Kings 17:1) and Nahum (Nahum 1:1) may possibly also have come from Galilee [BECNT ]. Rabbi Eliezer made the claim that no tribe of Israel had failed to produce a prophet [BAR , CAR ]. It is likely that Nahum and Hosea also came from Galilee [Lns ].

QUESTION—What was implied by this response from the Jews?

It implies that if no prophet will come from Galilee, how much less will the Messiah do so [CH , My ].

QUESTION—What word is emphasized in this verse?

The pronoun σὺ ‘you(sg)’ is emphatic [TH ]: Surely you, for your part, are not from Galilee, are you? The words ‘from Galilee’ precede the words ‘a prophet does not arise’ giving them prominence [Lns , TRT ].

DISCOURSE UNIT—7:53–8:11 [AB , BECNT , CAR , Gdt , GNT , HTC , Kn , NTC , Rd ; CEV , NET , NIV , NRSV ]. The topic is Jesus and the adulterous woman [Rd ], the woman caught in adultery [AB , BECNT , CAR , Gdt , GNT , p 405 HTC , WBC ; NET ], a woman caught in sin [CEV ], condemning a sinner’s accusers [Kn ].

7:53 And they-went each-one to his house.

TEXT—Verses 7:53–8:11 are omitted and placed in brackets by GNT with an A rating, indicating that the omission is certain. These verses are omitted by REB . Many translations include these verses as they though they were part of the text [Gdt , HTC , NTC , WBC ; CEV , KJV , NJB , Ph ]. Others include them in brackets or parentheses [AB , NICNT2 , TRT ; NASB , NCV , NET , NRSV , TEV ]. Still others include them preceded with a note to the effect that they are not included by most ancient manuscripts [NIV , NLT ]. In the Greek text, 7:53 and 8:1 form a single sentence, so TEV omits verse number 53 and includes both verses as verse 8:1 [TH ].

BECNT  Köstenberger, Andreas J. John. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2004.

IVP  Whitacre, Rodney A. John. Downers Grove: Intervarsity Press, 1999.

Kn  Keener, Craig S. The Gospel of John, a Commentary, Vol. 1. Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrikson Publishers, 2003.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

IVP  Whitacre, Rodney A. John. Downers Grove: Intervarsity Press, 1999.

BECNT  Köstenberger, Andreas J. John. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2004.

Kn  Keener, Craig S. The Gospel of John, a Commentary, Vol. 1. Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrikson Publishers, 2003.

BECNT  Köstenberger, Andreas J. John. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2004.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

BECNT  Köstenberger, Andreas J. John. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2004.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

CAR  Carson, D. A. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

EGT  Dods, Marcus. The Gospel of John. The Expositor’s Greek Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1967.

IVP  Whitacre, Rodney A. John. Downers Grove: Intervarsity Press, 1999.

Kn  Keener, Craig S. The Gospel of John, a Commentary, Vol. 1. Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrikson Publishers, 2003.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

Rd  Ridderbos, Herman. The Gospel According to John, A Theological Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

EGT  Dods, Marcus. The Gospel of John. The Expositor’s Greek Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1967.

IVP  Whitacre, Rodney A. John. Downers Grove: Intervarsity Press, 1999.

Kn  Keener, Craig S. The Gospel of John, a Commentary, Vol. 1. Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrikson Publishers, 2003.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

CAR  Carson, D. A. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

Rd  Ridderbos, Herman. The Gospel According to John, A Theological Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

CAR  Carson, D. A. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

BECNT  Köstenberger, Andreas J. John. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2004.

GNT  The Greek New Testament. Edited by B. Aland, K. Aland, J. Karavidopoulos, C. Martini, and B. Metzger. 4^th ed. London, New York: United Bible Societies, 2001.

Kn  Keener, Craig S. The Gospel of John, a Commentary, Vol. 1. Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrikson Publishers, 2003.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

TRT  Carlton, Matthew E. The Translator’s Reference Translation of the Gospel of John. Dallas: SIL International, 2003.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

BECNT  Köstenberger, Andreas J. John. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2004.

GNT  The Greek New Testament. Edited by B. Aland, K. Aland, J. Karavidopoulos, C. Martini, and B. Metzger. 4^th ed. London, New York: United Bible Societies, 2001.

TRT  Carlton, Matthew E. The Translator’s Reference Translation of the Gospel of John. Dallas: SIL International, 2003.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

Kn  Keener, Craig S. The Gospel of John, a Commentary, Vol. 1. Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrikson Publishers, 2003.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

GNT  The Greek New Testament. Edited by B. Aland, K. Aland, J. Karavidopoulos, C. Martini, and B. Metzger. 4^th ed. London, New York: United Bible Societies, 2001.

imperf.  imperfect

act.  active

indic.  indicative

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

EGT  Dods, Marcus. The Gospel of John. The Expositor’s Greek Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1967.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

CAR  Carson, D. A. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

imperf.  imperfect

act.  active

indic.  indicative

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

imperf.  imperfect

act.  active

indic.  indicative

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

CAR  Carson, D. A. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

CH  Comfort, Phillip W. and Wendall C. Hawley. Opening the Gospel of John. Wheaton: Tyndale House Publishers, Inc., 1994.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

Rd  Ridderbos, Herman. The Gospel According to John, A Theological Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

TRT  Carlton, Matthew E. The Translator’s Reference Translation of the Gospel of John. Dallas: SIL International, 2003.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

EGT  Dods, Marcus. The Gospel of John. The Expositor’s Greek Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1967.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

EGT  Dods, Marcus. The Gospel of John. The Expositor’s Greek Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1967.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

act.  active

impera.  imperative

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

act  active

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

CH  Comfort, Phillip W. and Wendall C. Hawley. Opening the Gospel of John. Wheaton: Tyndale House Publishers, Inc., 1994.

Rd  Ridderbos, Herman. The Gospel According to John, A Theological Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

BECNT  Köstenberger, Andreas J. John. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2004.

CAR  Carson, D. A. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

Kn  Keener, Craig S. The Gospel of John, a Commentary, Vol. 1. Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrikson Publishers, 2003.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

CH  Comfort, Phillip W. and Wendall C. Hawley. Opening the Gospel of John. Wheaton: Tyndale House Publishers, Inc., 1994.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

TRT  Carlton, Matthew E. The Translator’s Reference Translation of the Gospel of John. Dallas: SIL International, 2003.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

CAR  Carson, D. A. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

Rd  Ridderbos, Herman. The Gospel According to John, A Theological Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

TRT  Carlton, Matthew E. The Translator’s Reference Translation of the Gospel of John. Dallas: SIL International, 2003.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

IVP  Whitacre, Rodney A. John. Downers Grove: Intervarsity Press, 1999.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

Rd  Ridderbos, Herman. The Gospel According to John, A Theological Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

act.  active

impera.  imperative

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

CAR  Carson, D. A. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

EGT  Dods, Marcus. The Gospel of John. The Expositor’s Greek Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1967.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

Rd  Ridderbos, Herman. The Gospel According to John, A Theological Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

Rd  Ridderbos, Herman. The Gospel According to John, A Theological Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

CAR  Carson, D. A. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

TRT  Carlton, Matthew E. The Translator’s Reference Translation of the Gospel of John. Dallas: SIL International, 2003.

CH  Comfort, Phillip W. and Wendall C. Hawley. Opening the Gospel of John. Wheaton: Tyndale House Publishers, Inc., 1994.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

CAR  Carson, D. A. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

CAR  Carson, D. A. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

EGT  Dods, Marcus. The Gospel of John. The Expositor’s Greek Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1967.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

TRT  Carlton, Matthew E. The Translator’s Reference Translation of the Gospel of John. Dallas: SIL International, 2003.

EGT  Dods, Marcus. The Gospel of John. The Expositor’s Greek Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1967.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

TRT  Carlton, Matthew E. The Translator’s Reference Translation of the Gospel of John. Dallas: SIL International, 2003.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

CAR  Carson, D. A. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

EGT  Dods, Marcus. The Gospel of John. The Expositor’s Greek Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1967.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

TRT  Carlton, Matthew E. The Translator’s Reference Translation of the Gospel of John. Dallas: SIL International, 2003.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

Rd  Ridderbos, Herman. The Gospel According to John, A Theological Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

Rd  Ridderbos, Herman. The Gospel According to John, A Theological Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

pres.  present

act.  active

indic.  indicative

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

CAR  Carson, D. A. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

EGT  Dods, Marcus. The Gospel of John. The Expositor’s Greek Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1967.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

BECNT  Köstenberger, Andreas J. John. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2004.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

IVP  Whitacre, Rodney A. John. Downers Grove: Intervarsity Press, 1999.

Kn  Keener, Craig S. The Gospel of John, a Commentary, Vol. 1. Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrikson Publishers, 2003.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

Rd  Ridderbos, Herman. The Gospel According to John, A Theological Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

IVP  Whitacre, Rodney A. John. Downers Grove: Intervarsity Press, 1999.

Kn  Keener, Craig S. The Gospel of John, a Commentary, Vol. 1. Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrikson Publishers, 2003.

Rd  Ridderbos, Herman. The Gospel According to John, A Theological Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

CAR  Carson, D. A. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

CH  Comfort, Phillip W. and Wendall C. Hawley. Opening the Gospel of John. Wheaton: Tyndale House Publishers, Inc., 1994.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

CH  Comfort, Phillip W. and Wendall C. Hawley. Opening the Gospel of John. Wheaton: Tyndale House Publishers, Inc., 1994.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

pres.  present

act.  active

infin.  infinitive

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

pres.  present

act.  active

indic.  indicative

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

IVP  Whitacre, Rodney A. John. Downers Grove: Intervarsity Press, 1999.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

TRT  Carlton, Matthew E. The Translator’s Reference Translation of the Gospel of John. Dallas: SIL International, 2003.

IVP  Whitacre, Rodney A. John. Downers Grove: Intervarsity Press, 1999.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

Rd  Ridderbos, Herman. The Gospel According to John, A Theological Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

TRT  Carlton, Matthew E. The Translator’s Reference Translation of the Gospel of John. Dallas: SIL International, 2003.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

TRT  Carlton, Matthew E. The Translator’s Reference Translation of the Gospel of John. Dallas: SIL International, 2003.

CH  Comfort, Phillip W. and Wendall C. Hawley. Opening the Gospel of John. Wheaton: Tyndale House Publishers, Inc., 1994.

EGT  Dods, Marcus. The Gospel of John. The Expositor’s Greek Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1967.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

Kn  Keener, Craig S. The Gospel of John, a Commentary, Vol. 1. Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrikson Publishers, 2003.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

CAR  Carson, D. A. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

BECNT  Köstenberger, Andreas J. John. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2004.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

CAR  Carson, D. A. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

BECNT  Köstenberger, Andreas J. John. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2004.

Rd  Ridderbos, Herman. The Gospel According to John, A Theological Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

GNT  The Greek New Testament. Edited by B. Aland, K. Aland, J. Karavidopoulos, C. Martini, and B. Metzger. 4^th ed. London, New York: United Bible Societies, 2001.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

act.  active

impera.  imperative

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

Kn  Keener, Craig S. The Gospel of John, a Commentary, Vol. 1. Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrikson Publishers, 2003.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

BECNT  Köstenberger, Andreas J. John. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2004.

CAR  Carson, D. A. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

Kn  Keener, Craig S. The Gospel of John, a Commentary, Vol. 1. Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrikson Publishers, 2003.

perf.  perfect

pass.  passive

indic.  indicative

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

BECNT  Köstenberger, Andreas J. John. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2004.

CAR  Carson, D. A. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

IVP  Whitacre, Rodney A. John. Downers Grove: Intervarsity Press, 1999.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

Rd  Ridderbos, Herman. The Gospel According to John, A Theological Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

EGT  Dods, Marcus. The Gospel of John. The Expositor’s Greek Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1967.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

CH  Comfort, Phillip W. and Wendall C. Hawley. Opening the Gospel of John. Wheaton: Tyndale House Publishers, Inc., 1994.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

GNT  The Greek New Testament. Edited by B. Aland, K. Aland, J. Karavidopoulos, C. Martini, and B. Metzger. 4^th ed. London, New York: United Bible Societies, 2001.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

GNT  The Greek New Testament. Edited by B. Aland, K. Aland, J. Karavidopoulos, C. Martini, and B. Metzger. 4^th ed. London, New York: United Bible Societies, 2001.

TRT  Carlton, Matthew E. The Translator’s Reference Translation of the Gospel of John. Dallas: SIL International, 2003.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

GNT  The Greek New Testament. Edited by B. Aland, K. Aland, J. Karavidopoulos, C. Martini, and B. Metzger. 4^th ed. London, New York: United Bible Societies, 2001.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

TRT  Carlton, Matthew E. The Translator’s Reference Translation of the Gospel of John. Dallas: SIL International, 2003.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

BECNT  Köstenberger, Andreas J. John. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2004.

Kn  Keener, Craig S. The Gospel of John, a Commentary, Vol. 1. Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrikson Publishers, 2003.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

BECNT  Köstenberger, Andreas J. John. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2004.

Kn  Keener, Craig S. The Gospel of John, a Commentary, Vol. 1. Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrikson Publishers, 2003.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

GNT  The Greek New Testament. Edited by B. Aland, K. Aland, J. Karavidopoulos, C. Martini, and B. Metzger. 4^th ed. London, New York: United Bible Societies, 2001.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

BECNT  Köstenberger, Andreas J. John. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2004.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

EGT  Dods, Marcus. The Gospel of John. The Expositor’s Greek Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1967.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

CH  Comfort, Phillip W. and Wendall C. Hawley. Opening the Gospel of John. Wheaton: Tyndale House Publishers, Inc., 1994.

BECNT  Köstenberger, Andreas J. John. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2004.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

TRT  Carlton, Matthew E. The Translator’s Reference Translation of the Gospel of John. Dallas: SIL International, 2003.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NT  New Testament

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

imperf.  imperfect

act.  active

indic.  indicative

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

BECNT  Köstenberger, Andreas J. John. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2004.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

CAR  Carson, D. A. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

Rd  Ridderbos, Herman. The Gospel According to John, A Theological Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

BECNT  Köstenberger, Andreas J. John. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2004.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

BECNT  Köstenberger, Andreas J. John. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2004.

CAR  Carson, D. A. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

Rd  Ridderbos, Herman. The Gospel According to John, A Theological Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

CAR  Carson, D. A. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

IVP  Whitacre, Rodney A. John. Downers Grove: Intervarsity Press, 1999.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

TRT  Carlton, Matthew E. The Translator’s Reference Translation of the Gospel of John. Dallas: SIL International, 2003.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

IVP  Whitacre, Rodney A. John. Downers Grove: Intervarsity Press, 1999.

CAR  Carson, D. A. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

TRT  Carlton, Matthew E. The Translator’s Reference Translation of the Gospel of John. Dallas: SIL International, 2003.

TRT  Carlton, Matthew E. The Translator’s Reference Translation of the Gospel of John. Dallas: SIL International, 2003.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

EGT  Dods, Marcus. The Gospel of John. The Expositor’s Greek Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1967.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

TRT  Carlton, Matthew E. The Translator’s Reference Translation of the Gospel of John. Dallas: SIL International, 2003.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

TRT  Carlton, Matthew E. The Translator’s Reference Translation of the Gospel of John. Dallas: SIL International, 2003.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

pres.  present

act.  active

indic.  indicative

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

IVP  Whitacre, Rodney A. John. Downers Grove: Intervarsity Press, 1999.

Kn  Keener, Craig S. The Gospel of John, a Commentary, Vol. 1. Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrikson Publishers, 2003.

TRT  Carlton, Matthew E. The Translator’s Reference Translation of the Gospel of John. Dallas: SIL International, 2003.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

BECNT  Köstenberger, Andreas J. John. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2004.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

TRT  Carlton, Matthew E. The Translator’s Reference Translation of the Gospel of John. Dallas: SIL International, 2003.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

TRT  Carlton, Matthew E. The Translator’s Reference Translation of the Gospel of John. Dallas: SIL International, 2003.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

CH  Comfort, Phillip W. and Wendall C. Hawley. Opening the Gospel of John. Wheaton: Tyndale House Publishers, Inc., 1994.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

BECNT  Köstenberger, Andreas J. John. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2004.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

Kn  Keener, Craig S. The Gospel of John, a Commentary, Vol. 1. Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrikson Publishers, 2003.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

CH  Comfort, Phillip W. and Wendall C. Hawley. Opening the Gospel of John. Wheaton: Tyndale House Publishers, Inc., 1994.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

TRT  Carlton, Matthew E. The Translator’s Reference Translation of the Gospel of John. Dallas: SIL International, 2003.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

Kn  Keener, Craig S. The Gospel of John, a Commentary, Vol. 1. Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrikson Publishers, 2003.

Rd  Ridderbos, Herman. The Gospel According to John, A Theological Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

BECNT  Köstenberger, Andreas J. John. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2004.

CAR  Carson, D. A. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

CH  Comfort, Phillip W. and Wendall C. Hawley. Opening the Gospel of John. Wheaton: Tyndale House Publishers, Inc., 1994.

EGT  Dods, Marcus. The Gospel of John. The Expositor’s Greek Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1967.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

Kn  Keener, Craig S. The Gospel of John, a Commentary, Vol. 1. Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrikson Publishers, 2003.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

Rd  Ridderbos, Herman. The Gospel According to John, A Theological Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

TRT  Carlton, Matthew E. The Translator’s Reference Translation of the Gospel of John. Dallas: SIL International, 2003.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

Kn  Keener, Craig S. The Gospel of John, a Commentary, Vol. 1. Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrikson Publishers, 2003.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

BECNT  Köstenberger, Andreas J. John. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2004.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

CAR  Carson, D. A. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

EGT  Dods, Marcus. The Gospel of John. The Expositor’s Greek Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1967.

Kn  Keener, Craig S. The Gospel of John, a Commentary, Vol. 1. Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrikson Publishers, 2003.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

Kn  Keener, Craig S. The Gospel of John, a Commentary, Vol. 1. Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrikson Publishers, 2003.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

EGT  Dods, Marcus. The Gospel of John. The Expositor’s Greek Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1967.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

BECNT  Köstenberger, Andreas J. John. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2004.

CAR  Carson, D. A. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

IVP  Whitacre, Rodney A. John. Downers Grove: Intervarsity Press, 1999.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

Rd  Ridderbos, Herman. The Gospel According to John, A Theological Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

BECNT  Köstenberger, Andreas J. John. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2004.

IVP  Whitacre, Rodney A. John. Downers Grove: Intervarsity Press, 1999.

Rd  Ridderbos, Herman. The Gospel According to John, A Theological Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

CAR  Carson, D. A. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

pres.  present

act.  active

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

CH  Comfort, Phillip W. and Wendall C. Hawley. Opening the Gospel of John. Wheaton: Tyndale House Publishers, Inc., 1994.

BECNT  Köstenberger, Andreas J. John. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2004.

TRT  Carlton, Matthew E. The Translator’s Reference Translation of the Gospel of John. Dallas: SIL International, 2003.

BECNT  Köstenberger, Andreas J. John. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2004.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

CH  Comfort, Phillip W. and Wendall C. Hawley. Opening the Gospel of John. Wheaton: Tyndale House Publishers, Inc., 1994.

EGT  Dods, Marcus. The Gospel of John. The Expositor’s Greek Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1967.

Rd  Ridderbos, Herman. The Gospel According to John, A Theological Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

Kn  Keener, Craig S. The Gospel of John, a Commentary, Vol. 1. Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrikson Publishers, 2003.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

BECNT  Köstenberger, Andreas J. John. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2004.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

CAR  Carson, D. A. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

CH  Comfort, Phillip W. and Wendall C. Hawley. Opening the Gospel of John. Wheaton: Tyndale House Publishers, Inc., 1994.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

TRT  Carlton, Matthew E. The Translator’s Reference Translation of the Gospel of John. Dallas: SIL International, 2003.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

TRT  Carlton, Matthew E. The Translator’s Reference Translation of the Gospel of John. Dallas: SIL International, 2003.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

imperf.  imperfect

act.  active

indic.  indicative

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

perf.  perfect

act.  active

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

Rd  Ridderbos, Herman. The Gospel According to John, A Theological Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

BECNT  Köstenberger, Andreas J. John. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2004.

CAR  Carson, D. A. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

Rd  Ridderbos, Herman. The Gospel According to John, A Theological Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

TRT  Carlton, Matthew E. The Translator’s Reference Translation of the Gospel of John. Dallas: SIL International, 2003.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

CAR  Carson, D. A. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

CH  Comfort, Phillip W. and Wendall C. Hawley. Opening the Gospel of John. Wheaton: Tyndale House Publishers, Inc., 1994.

EGT  Dods, Marcus. The Gospel of John. The Expositor’s Greek Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1967.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

Kn  Keener, Craig S. The Gospel of John, a Commentary, Vol. 1. Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrikson Publishers, 2003.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

Kn  Keener, Craig S. The Gospel of John, a Commentary, Vol. 1. Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrikson Publishers, 2003.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

Kn  Keener, Craig S. The Gospel of John, a Commentary, Vol. 1. Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrikson Publishers, 2003.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

Rd  Ridderbos, Herman. The Gospel According to John, A Theological Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

OT  Old Testament

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

Kn  Keener, Craig S. The Gospel of John, a Commentary, Vol. 1. Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrikson Publishers, 2003.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

Kn  Keener, Craig S. The Gospel of John, a Commentary, Vol. 1. Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrikson Publishers, 2003.

BECNT  Köstenberger, Andreas J. John. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2004.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

EGT  Dods, Marcus. The Gospel of John. The Expositor’s Greek Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1967.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

CH  Comfort, Phillip W. and Wendall C. Hawley. Opening the Gospel of John. Wheaton: Tyndale House Publishers, Inc., 1994.

EGT  Dods, Marcus. The Gospel of John. The Expositor’s Greek Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1967.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

IVP  Whitacre, Rodney A. John. Downers Grove: Intervarsity Press, 1999.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

pres.  present

act.  active

subj.  subjunctive

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

Kn  Keener, Craig S. The Gospel of John, a Commentary, Vol. 1. Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrikson Publishers, 2003.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

EGT  Dods, Marcus. The Gospel of John. The Expositor’s Greek Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1967.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

IVP  Whitacre, Rodney A. John. Downers Grove: Intervarsity Press, 1999.

Kn  Keener, Craig S. The Gospel of John, a Commentary, Vol. 1. Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrikson Publishers, 2003.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

TRT  Carlton, Matthew E. The Translator’s Reference Translation of the Gospel of John. Dallas: SIL International, 2003.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

CAR  Carson, D. A. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

CH  Comfort, Phillip W. and Wendall C. Hawley. Opening the Gospel of John. Wheaton: Tyndale House Publishers, Inc., 1994.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

CAR  Carson, D. A. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

TRT  Carlton, Matthew E. The Translator’s Reference Translation of the Gospel of John. Dallas: SIL International, 2003.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

pres.  present

act.  active

indic.  indicative

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

BECNT  Köstenberger, Andreas J. John. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2004.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

CAR  Carson, D. A. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

EGT  Dods, Marcus. The Gospel of John. The Expositor’s Greek Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1967.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

pres.  present

act.  active

indic.  indicative

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

CAR  Carson, D. A. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

TRT  Carlton, Matthew E. The Translator’s Reference Translation of the Gospel of John. Dallas: SIL International, 2003.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

CAR  Carson, D. A. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

CH  Comfort, Phillip W. and Wendall C. Hawley. Opening the Gospel of John. Wheaton: Tyndale House Publishers, Inc., 1994.

IVP  Whitacre, Rodney A. John. Downers Grove: Intervarsity Press, 1999.

Kn  Keener, Craig S. The Gospel of John, a Commentary, Vol. 1. Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrikson Publishers, 2003.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

Rd  Ridderbos, Herman. The Gospel According to John, A Theological Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

pres.  present

act.  active

indic.  indicative

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

TRT  Carlton, Matthew E. The Translator’s Reference Translation of the Gospel of John. Dallas: SIL International, 2003.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

IVP  Whitacre, Rodney A. John. Downers Grove: Intervarsity Press, 1999.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

Rd  Ridderbos, Herman. The Gospel According to John, A Theological Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

IVP  Whitacre, Rodney A. John. Downers Grove: Intervarsity Press, 1999.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

CH  Comfort, Phillip W. and Wendall C. Hawley. Opening the Gospel of John. Wheaton: Tyndale House Publishers, Inc., 1994.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

TRT  Carlton, Matthew E. The Translator’s Reference Translation of the Gospel of John. Dallas: SIL International, 2003.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

CH  Comfort, Phillip W. and Wendall C. Hawley. Opening the Gospel of John. Wheaton: Tyndale House Publishers, Inc., 1994.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

CAR  Carson, D. A. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

EGT  Dods, Marcus. The Gospel of John. The Expositor’s Greek Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1967.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

IVP  Whitacre, Rodney A. John. Downers Grove: Intervarsity Press, 1999.

Kn  Keener, Craig S. The Gospel of John, a Commentary, Vol. 1. Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrikson Publishers, 2003.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

CAR  Carson, D. A. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

IVP  Whitacre, Rodney A. John. Downers Grove: Intervarsity Press, 1999.

Kn  Keener, Craig S. The Gospel of John, a Commentary, Vol. 1. Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrikson Publishers, 2003.

EGT  Dods, Marcus. The Gospel of John. The Expositor’s Greek Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1967.

CH  Comfort, Phillip W. and Wendall C. Hawley. Opening the Gospel of John. Wheaton: Tyndale House Publishers, Inc., 1994.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

CH  Comfort, Phillip W. and Wendall C. Hawley. Opening the Gospel of John. Wheaton: Tyndale House Publishers, Inc., 1994.

pres.  present

act.  active

indic.  indicative

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

BECNT  Köstenberger, Andreas J. John. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2004.

CAR  Carson, D. A. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

EGT  Dods, Marcus. The Gospel of John. The Expositor’s Greek Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1967.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

Kn  Keener, Craig S. The Gospel of John, a Commentary, Vol. 1. Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrikson Publishers, 2003.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

TRT  Carlton, Matthew E. The Translator’s Reference Translation of the Gospel of John. Dallas: SIL International, 2003.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

Rd  Ridderbos, Herman. The Gospel According to John, A Theological Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

EGT  Dods, Marcus. The Gospel of John. The Expositor’s Greek Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1967.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

EGT  Dods, Marcus. The Gospel of John. The Expositor’s Greek Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1967.

IVP  Whitacre, Rodney A. John. Downers Grove: Intervarsity Press, 1999.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

CAR  Carson, D. A. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

GNT  The Greek New Testament. Edited by B. Aland, K. Aland, J. Karavidopoulos, C. Martini, and B. Metzger. 4^th ed. London, New York: United Bible Societies, 2001.

EGT  Dods, Marcus. The Gospel of John. The Expositor’s Greek Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1967.

IVP  Whitacre, Rodney A. John. Downers Grove: Intervarsity Press, 1999.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

Rd  Ridderbos, Herman. The Gospel According to John, A Theological Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

CAR  Carson, D. A. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

Rd  Ridderbos, Herman. The Gospel According to John, A Theological Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

CAR  Carson, D. A. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

IVP  Whitacre, Rodney A. John. Downers Grove: Intervarsity Press, 1999.

CAR  Carson, D. A. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

EGT  Dods, Marcus. The Gospel of John. The Expositor’s Greek Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1967.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

TRT  Carlton, Matthew E. The Translator’s Reference Translation of the Gospel of John. Dallas: SIL International, 2003.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

Rd  Ridderbos, Herman. The Gospel According to John, A Theological Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

TRT  Carlton, Matthew E. The Translator’s Reference Translation of the Gospel of John. Dallas: SIL International, 2003.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

TRT  Carlton, Matthew E. The Translator’s Reference Translation of the Gospel of John. Dallas: SIL International, 2003.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

BECNT  Köstenberger, Andreas J. John. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2004.

CAR  Carson, D. A. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

IVP  Whitacre, Rodney A. John. Downers Grove: Intervarsity Press, 1999.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

Rd  Ridderbos, Herman. The Gospel According to John, A Theological Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

TRT  Carlton, Matthew E. The Translator’s Reference Translation of the Gospel of John. Dallas: SIL International, 2003.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

IVP  Whitacre, Rodney A. John. Downers Grove: Intervarsity Press, 1999.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

Rd  Ridderbos, Herman. The Gospel According to John, A Theological Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

TRT  Carlton, Matthew E. The Translator’s Reference Translation of the Gospel of John. Dallas: SIL International, 2003.

CAR  Carson, D. A. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

TRT  Carlton, Matthew E. The Translator’s Reference Translation of the Gospel of John. Dallas: SIL International, 2003.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

CAR  Carson, D. A. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

pass.  passive

subj.  subjunctive

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

pres.  present

act.  active

indic.  indicative

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

BECNT  Köstenberger, Andreas J. John. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2004.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

IVP  Whitacre, Rodney A. John. Downers Grove: Intervarsity Press, 1999.

Kn  Keener, Craig S. The Gospel of John, a Commentary, Vol. 1. Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrikson Publishers, 2003.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

Rd  Ridderbos, Herman. The Gospel According to John, A Theological Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

BECNT  Köstenberger, Andreas J. John. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2004.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

IVP  Whitacre, Rodney A. John. Downers Grove: Intervarsity Press, 1999.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

Rd  Ridderbos, Herman. The Gospel According to John, A Theological Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

BECNT  Köstenberger, Andreas J. John. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2004.

CAR  Carson, D. A. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

IVP  Whitacre, Rodney A. John. Downers Grove: Intervarsity Press, 1999.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

Rd  Ridderbos, Herman. The Gospel According to John, A Theological Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

TRT  Carlton, Matthew E. The Translator’s Reference Translation of the Gospel of John. Dallas: SIL International, 2003.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

TRT  Carlton, Matthew E. The Translator’s Reference Translation of the Gospel of John. Dallas: SIL International, 2003.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

TRT  Carlton, Matthew E. The Translator’s Reference Translation of the Gospel of John. Dallas: SIL International, 2003.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

pres.  present

act.  active

impera.  imperative

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

TRT  Carlton, Matthew E. The Translator’s Reference Translation of the Gospel of John. Dallas: SIL International, 2003.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

BECNT  Köstenberger, Andreas J. John. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2004.

CAR  Carson, D. A. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

EGT  Dods, Marcus. The Gospel of John. The Expositor’s Greek Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1967.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

Rd  Ridderbos, Herman. The Gospel According to John, A Theological Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

CAR  Carson, D. A. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

IVP  Whitacre, Rodney A. John. Downers Grove: Intervarsity Press, 1999.

Rd  Ridderbos, Herman. The Gospel According to John, A Theological Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

BECNT  Köstenberger, Andreas J. John. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2004.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

BECNT  Köstenberger, Andreas J. John. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2004.

TRT  Carlton, Matthew E. The Translator’s Reference Translation of the Gospel of John. Dallas: SIL International, 2003.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

BECNT  Köstenberger, Andreas J. John. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2004.

TRT  Carlton, Matthew E. The Translator’s Reference Translation of the Gospel of John. Dallas: SIL International, 2003.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

Rd  Ridderbos, Herman. The Gospel According to John, A Theological Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

CAR  Carson, D. A. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

IVP  Whitacre, Rodney A. John. Downers Grove: Intervarsity Press, 1999.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

CAR  Carson, D. A. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

IVP  Whitacre, Rodney A. John. Downers Grove: Intervarsity Press, 1999.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

GNT  The Greek New Testament. Edited by B. Aland, K. Aland, J. Karavidopoulos, C. Martini, and B. Metzger. 4^th ed. London, New York: United Bible Societies, 2001.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

GNT  The Greek New Testament. Edited by B. Aland, K. Aland, J. Karavidopoulos, C. Martini, and B. Metzger. 4^th ed. London, New York: United Bible Societies, 2001.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

CAR  Carson, D. A. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

pres.  present

act.  active

indic.  indicative

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

IVP  Whitacre, Rodney A. John. Downers Grove: Intervarsity Press, 1999.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

TRT  Carlton, Matthew E. The Translator’s Reference Translation of the Gospel of John. Dallas: SIL International, 2003.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

TRT  Carlton, Matthew E. The Translator’s Reference Translation of the Gospel of John. Dallas: SIL International, 2003.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

NT  New Testament

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

BECNT  Köstenberger, Andreas J. John. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2004.

Rd  Ridderbos, Herman. The Gospel According to John, A Theological Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

TRT  Carlton, Matthew E. The Translator’s Reference Translation of the Gospel of John. Dallas: SIL International, 2003.

CH  Comfort, Phillip W. and Wendall C. Hawley. Opening the Gospel of John. Wheaton: Tyndale House Publishers, Inc., 1994.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

CH  Comfort, Phillip W. and Wendall C. Hawley. Opening the Gospel of John. Wheaton: Tyndale House Publishers, Inc., 1994.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

BECNT  Köstenberger, Andreas J. John. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2004.

EGT  Dods, Marcus. The Gospel of John. The Expositor’s Greek Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1967.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

IVP  Whitacre, Rodney A. John. Downers Grove: Intervarsity Press, 1999.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

Rd  Ridderbos, Herman. The Gospel According to John, A Theological Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

CAR  Carson, D. A. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

BECNT  Köstenberger, Andreas J. John. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2004.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

Rd  Ridderbos, Herman. The Gospel According to John, A Theological Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

CAR  Carson, D. A. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BECNT  Köstenberger, Andreas J. John. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2004.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

TRT  Carlton, Matthew E. The Translator’s Reference Translation of the Gospel of John. Dallas: SIL International, 2003.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

TRT  Carlton, Matthew E. The Translator’s Reference Translation of the Gospel of John. Dallas: SIL International, 2003.

BECNT  Köstenberger, Andreas J. John. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2004.

Rd  Ridderbos, Herman. The Gospel According to John, A Theological Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

Rd  Ridderbos, Herman. The Gospel According to John, A Theological Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

BECNT  Köstenberger, Andreas J. John. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2004.

CAR  Carson, D. A. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

CH  Comfort, Phillip W. and Wendall C. Hawley. Opening the Gospel of John. Wheaton: Tyndale House Publishers, Inc., 1994.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

Kn  Keener, Craig S. The Gospel of John, a Commentary, Vol. 1. Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrikson Publishers, 2003.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

Rd  Ridderbos, Herman. The Gospel According to John, A Theological Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

CAR  Carson, D. A. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

BECNT  Köstenberger, Andreas J. John. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2004.

CAR  Carson, D. A. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

Rd  Ridderbos, Herman. The Gospel According to John, A Theological Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

act.  active

indic.  indicative

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

BECNT  Köstenberger, Andreas J. John. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2004.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

IVP  Whitacre, Rodney A. John. Downers Grove: Intervarsity Press, 1999.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

TRT  Carlton, Matthew E. The Translator’s Reference Translation of the Gospel of John. Dallas: SIL International, 2003.

TRT  Carlton, Matthew E. The Translator’s Reference Translation of the Gospel of John. Dallas: SIL International, 2003.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

CH  Comfort, Phillip W. and Wendall C. Hawley. Opening the Gospel of John. Wheaton: Tyndale House Publishers, Inc., 1994.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

Rd  Ridderbos, Herman. The Gospel According to John, A Theological Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

CAR  Carson, D. A. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

CAR  Carson, D. A. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

Rd  Ridderbos, Herman. The Gospel According to John, A Theological Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

perf.  perfect

act.  active

indic.  indicative

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

TRT  Carlton, Matthew E. The Translator’s Reference Translation of the Gospel of John. Dallas: SIL International, 2003.

CAR  Carson, D. A. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

BECNT  Köstenberger, Andreas J. John. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2004.

EGT  Dods, Marcus. The Gospel of John. The Expositor’s Greek Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1967.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

IVP  Whitacre, Rodney A. John. Downers Grove: Intervarsity Press, 1999.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

Rd  Ridderbos, Herman. The Gospel According to John, A Theological Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

BECNT  Köstenberger, Andreas J. John. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2004.

EGT  Dods, Marcus. The Gospel of John. The Expositor’s Greek Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1967.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

IVP  Whitacre, Rodney A. John. Downers Grove: Intervarsity Press, 1999.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

Rd  Ridderbos, Herman. The Gospel According to John, A Theological Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

EGT  Dods, Marcus. The Gospel of John. The Expositor’s Greek Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1967.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

CH  Comfort, Phillip W. and Wendall C. Hawley. Opening the Gospel of John. Wheaton: Tyndale House Publishers, Inc., 1994.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

EGT  Dods, Marcus. The Gospel of John. The Expositor’s Greek Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1967.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

TRT  Carlton, Matthew E. The Translator’s Reference Translation of the Gospel of John. Dallas: SIL International, 2003.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

BECNT  Köstenberger, Andreas J. John. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2004.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

EGT  Dods, Marcus. The Gospel of John. The Expositor’s Greek Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1967.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

CAR  Carson, D. A. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

CAR  Carson, D. A. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

IVP  Whitacre, Rodney A. John. Downers Grove: Intervarsity Press, 1999.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

TRT  Carlton, Matthew E. The Translator’s Reference Translation of the Gospel of John. Dallas: SIL International, 2003.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

act.  active

infin.  infinitive

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

act.  active

indic.  indicative

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

CAR  Carson, D. A. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

CH  Comfort, Phillip W. and Wendall C. Hawley. Opening the Gospel of John. Wheaton: Tyndale House Publishers, Inc., 1994.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

IVP  Whitacre, Rodney A. John. Downers Grove: Intervarsity Press, 1999.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

Rd  Ridderbos, Herman. The Gospel According to John, A Theological Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

TRT  Carlton, Matthew E. The Translator’s Reference Translation of the Gospel of John. Dallas: SIL International, 2003.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

CAR  Carson, D. A. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

IVP  Whitacre, Rodney A. John. Downers Grove: Intervarsity Press, 1999.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

CAR  Carson, D. A. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

CH  Comfort, Phillip W. and Wendall C. Hawley. Opening the Gospel of John. Wheaton: Tyndale House Publishers, Inc., 1994.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

Rd  Ridderbos, Herman. The Gospel According to John, A Theological Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

Rd  Ridderbos, Herman. The Gospel According to John, A Theological Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

TRT  Carlton, Matthew E. The Translator’s Reference Translation of the Gospel of John. Dallas: SIL International, 2003.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

TRT  Carlton, Matthew E. The Translator’s Reference Translation of the Gospel of John. Dallas: SIL International, 2003.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

NT  New Testament

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

BECNT  Köstenberger, Andreas J. John. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2004.

CH  Comfort, Phillip W. and Wendall C. Hawley. Opening the Gospel of John. Wheaton: Tyndale House Publishers, Inc., 1994.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

Rd  Ridderbos, Herman. The Gospel According to John, A Theological Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

TRT  Carlton, Matthew E. The Translator’s Reference Translation of the Gospel of John. Dallas: SIL International, 2003.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

CH  Comfort, Phillip W. and Wendall C. Hawley. Opening the Gospel of John. Wheaton: Tyndale House Publishers, Inc., 1994.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

Rd  Ridderbos, Herman. The Gospel According to John, A Theological Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

TRT  Carlton, Matthew E. The Translator’s Reference Translation of the Gospel of John. Dallas: SIL International, 2003.

TRT  Carlton, Matthew E. The Translator’s Reference Translation of the Gospel of John. Dallas: SIL International, 2003.

EGT  Dods, Marcus. The Gospel of John. The Expositor’s Greek Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1967.

GNT  The Greek New Testament. Edited by B. Aland, K. Aland, J. Karavidopoulos, C. Martini, and B. Metzger. 4^th ed. London, New York: United Bible Societies, 2001.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

GNT  The Greek New Testament. Edited by B. Aland, K. Aland, J. Karavidopoulos, C. Martini, and B. Metzger. 4^th ed. London, New York: United Bible Societies, 2001.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

OT  Old Testament

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

pres.  present

act.  active

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NT  New Testament

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

TRT  Carlton, Matthew E. The Translator’s Reference Translation of the Gospel of John. Dallas: SIL International, 2003.

BECNT  Köstenberger, Andreas J. John. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2004.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

BECNT  Köstenberger, Andreas J. John. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2004.

CAR  Carson, D. A. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

TRT  Carlton, Matthew E. The Translator’s Reference Translation of the Gospel of John. Dallas: SIL International, 2003.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

EGT  Dods, Marcus. The Gospel of John. The Expositor’s Greek Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1967.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

NT  New Testament

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

BECNT  Köstenberger, Andreas J. John. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2004.

BECNT  Köstenberger, Andreas J. John. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2004.

CAR  Carson, D. A. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

CAR  Carson, D. A. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

EGT  Dods, Marcus. The Gospel of John. The Expositor’s Greek Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1967.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

Rd  Ridderbos, Herman. The Gospel According to John, A Theological Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

pres.  present

act.  active

indic.  indicative

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

BECNT  Köstenberger, Andreas J. John. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2004.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

IVP  Whitacre, Rodney A. John. Downers Grove: Intervarsity Press, 1999.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

TRT  Carlton, Matthew E. The Translator’s Reference Translation of the Gospel of John. Dallas: SIL International, 2003.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

BECNT  Köstenberger, Andreas J. John. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2004.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

Kn  Keener, Craig S. The Gospel of John, a Commentary, Vol. 1. Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrikson Publishers, 2003.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

fut.  future

act.  active

indic.  indicative

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

TRT  Carlton, Matthew E. The Translator’s Reference Translation of the Gospel of John. Dallas: SIL International, 2003.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

EGT  Dods, Marcus. The Gospel of John. The Expositor’s Greek Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1967.

Kn  Keener, Craig S. The Gospel of John, a Commentary, Vol. 1. Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrikson Publishers, 2003.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

TRT  Carlton, Matthew E. The Translator’s Reference Translation of the Gospel of John. Dallas: SIL International, 2003.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

TRT  Carlton, Matthew E. The Translator’s Reference Translation of the Gospel of John. Dallas: SIL International, 2003.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

EGT  Dods, Marcus. The Gospel of John. The Expositor’s Greek Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1967.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

pres.  present

act.  active

indic.  indicative

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

pres.  present

mid.  middle

act.  active

infin.  infinitive

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

TRT  Carlton, Matthew E. The Translator’s Reference Translation of the Gospel of John. Dallas: SIL International, 2003.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

BECNT  Köstenberger, Andreas J. John. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2004.

CAR  Carson, D. A. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

BECNT  Köstenberger, Andreas J. John. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2004.

CAR  Carson, D. A. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

Kn  Keener, Craig S. The Gospel of John, a Commentary, Vol. 1. Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrikson Publishers, 2003.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

BECNT  Köstenberger, Andreas J. John. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2004.

CAR  Carson, D. A. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

TRT  Carlton, Matthew E. The Translator’s Reference Translation of the Gospel of John. Dallas: SIL International, 2003.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

BECNT  Köstenberger, Andreas J. John. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2004.

CAR  Carson, D. A. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

CAR  Carson, D. A. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

EGT  Dods, Marcus. The Gospel of John. The Expositor’s Greek Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1967.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

Kn  Keener, Craig S. The Gospel of John, a Commentary, Vol. 1. Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrikson Publishers, 2003.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

TRT  Carlton, Matthew E. The Translator’s Reference Translation of the Gospel of John. Dallas: SIL International, 2003.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

BECNT  Köstenberger, Andreas J. John. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2004.

CH  Comfort, Phillip W. and Wendall C. Hawley. Opening the Gospel of John. Wheaton: Tyndale House Publishers, Inc., 1994.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

Kn  Keener, Craig S. The Gospel of John, a Commentary, Vol. 1. Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrikson Publishers, 2003.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

Rd  Ridderbos, Herman. The Gospel According to John, A Theological Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

BECNT  Köstenberger, Andreas J. John. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2004.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

CAR  Carson, D. A. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

CH  Comfort, Phillip W. and Wendall C. Hawley. Opening the Gospel of John. Wheaton: Tyndale House Publishers, Inc., 1994.

EGT  Dods, Marcus. The Gospel of John. The Expositor’s Greek Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1967.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

CAR  Carson, D. A. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

CH  Comfort, Phillip W. and Wendall C. Hawley. Opening the Gospel of John. Wheaton: Tyndale House Publishers, Inc., 1994.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

Rd  Ridderbos, Herman. The Gospel According to John, A Theological Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

BECNT  Köstenberger, Andreas J. John. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2004.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

Rd  Ridderbos, Herman. The Gospel According to John, A Theological Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

CAR  Carson, D. A. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

TRT  Carlton, Matthew E. The Translator’s Reference Translation of the Gospel of John. Dallas: SIL International, 2003.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

EGT  Dods, Marcus. The Gospel of John. The Expositor’s Greek Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1967.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

CAR  Carson, D. A. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

EGT  Dods, Marcus. The Gospel of John. The Expositor’s Greek Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1967.

CAR  Carson, D. A. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

EGT  Dods, Marcus. The Gospel of John. The Expositor’s Greek Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1967.

GNT  The Greek New Testament. Edited by B. Aland, K. Aland, J. Karavidopoulos, C. Martini, and B. Metzger. 4^th ed. London, New York: United Bible Societies, 2001.

IVP  Whitacre, Rodney A. John. Downers Grove: Intervarsity Press, 1999.

Kn  Keener, Craig S. The Gospel of John, a Commentary, Vol. 1. Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrikson Publishers, 2003.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

IVP  Whitacre, Rodney A. John. Downers Grove: Intervarsity Press, 1999.

Kn  Keener, Craig S. The Gospel of John, a Commentary, Vol. 1. Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrikson Publishers, 2003.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

GNT  The Greek New Testament. Edited by B. Aland, K. Aland, J. Karavidopoulos, C. Martini, and B. Metzger. 4^th ed. London, New York: United Bible Societies, 2001.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

GNT  The Greek New Testament. Edited by B. Aland, K. Aland, J. Karavidopoulos, C. Martini, and B. Metzger. 4^th ed. London, New York: United Bible Societies, 2001.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

act.  active

indic.  indicative

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

Rd  Ridderbos, Herman. The Gospel According to John, A Theological Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

pres.  present

act.  active

subj.  subjunctive

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

TRT  Carlton, Matthew E. The Translator’s Reference Translation of the Gospel of John. Dallas: SIL International, 2003.

EGT  Dods, Marcus. The Gospel of John. The Expositor’s Greek Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1967.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

EGT  Dods, Marcus. The Gospel of John. The Expositor’s Greek Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1967.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

CH  Comfort, Phillip W. and Wendall C. Hawley. Opening the Gospel of John. Wheaton: Tyndale House Publishers, Inc., 1994.

EGT  Dods, Marcus. The Gospel of John. The Expositor’s Greek Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1967.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

Rd  Ridderbos, Herman. The Gospel According to John, A Theological Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

TRT  Carlton, Matthew E. The Translator’s Reference Translation of the Gospel of John. Dallas: SIL International, 2003.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

pres.  present

act.  active

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

fut.  future

act.  active

indic.  indicative

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

TRT  Carlton, Matthew E. The Translator’s Reference Translation of the Gospel of John. Dallas: SIL International, 2003.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

TRT  Carlton, Matthew E. The Translator’s Reference Translation of the Gospel of John. Dallas: SIL International, 2003.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

TRT  Carlton, Matthew E. The Translator’s Reference Translation of the Gospel of John. Dallas: SIL International, 2003.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

OT  Old Testament

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

GNT  The Greek New Testament. Edited by B. Aland, K. Aland, J. Karavidopoulos, C. Martini, and B. Metzger. 4^th ed. London, New York: United Bible Societies, 2001.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

CAR  Carson, D. A. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

GNT  The Greek New Testament. Edited by B. Aland, K. Aland, J. Karavidopoulos, C. Martini, and B. Metzger. 4^th ed. London, New York: United Bible Societies, 2001.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

EGT  Dods, Marcus. The Gospel of John. The Expositor’s Greek Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1967.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

Rd  Ridderbos, Herman. The Gospel According to John, A Theological Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

CAR  Carson, D. A. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

CH  Comfort, Phillip W. and Wendall C. Hawley. Opening the Gospel of John. Wheaton: Tyndale House Publishers, Inc., 1994.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

CH  Comfort, Phillip W. and Wendall C. Hawley. Opening the Gospel of John. Wheaton: Tyndale House Publishers, Inc., 1994.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

CH  Comfort, Phillip W. and Wendall C. Hawley. Opening the Gospel of John. Wheaton: Tyndale House Publishers, Inc., 1994.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

TRT  Carlton, Matthew E. The Translator’s Reference Translation of the Gospel of John. Dallas: SIL International, 2003.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

TRT  Carlton, Matthew E. The Translator’s Reference Translation of the Gospel of John. Dallas: SIL International, 2003.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

BECNT  Köstenberger, Andreas J. John. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2004.

EGT  Dods, Marcus. The Gospel of John. The Expositor’s Greek Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1967.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

Rd  Ridderbos, Herman. The Gospel According to John, A Theological Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

TRT  Carlton, Matthew E. The Translator’s Reference Translation of the Gospel of John. Dallas: SIL International, 2003.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

CAR  Carson, D. A. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

CH  Comfort, Phillip W. and Wendall C. Hawley. Opening the Gospel of John. Wheaton: Tyndale House Publishers, Inc., 1994.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

IVP  Whitacre, Rodney A. John. Downers Grove: Intervarsity Press, 1999.

Kn  Keener, Craig S. The Gospel of John, a Commentary, Vol. 1. Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrikson Publishers, 2003.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

CH  Comfort, Phillip W. and Wendall C. Hawley. Opening the Gospel of John. Wheaton: Tyndale House Publishers, Inc., 1994.

Kn  Keener, Craig S. The Gospel of John, a Commentary, Vol. 1. Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrikson Publishers, 2003.

GNT  The Greek New Testament. Edited by B. Aland, K. Aland, J. Karavidopoulos, C. Martini, and B. Metzger. 4^th ed. London, New York: United Bible Societies, 2001.

GNT  The Greek New Testament. Edited by B. Aland, K. Aland, J. Karavidopoulos, C. Martini, and B. Metzger. 4^th ed. London, New York: United Bible Societies, 2001.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

imperf.  imperfect

act.  active

indic.  indicative

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

pass.  passive

indic.  indicative

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

CH  Comfort, Phillip W. and Wendall C. Hawley. Opening the Gospel of John. Wheaton: Tyndale House Publishers, Inc., 1994.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

BECNT  Köstenberger, Andreas J. John. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2004.

CAR  Carson, D. A. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

CH  Comfort, Phillip W. and Wendall C. Hawley. Opening the Gospel of John. Wheaton: Tyndale House Publishers, Inc., 1994.

EGT  Dods, Marcus. The Gospel of John. The Expositor’s Greek Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1967.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

IVP  Whitacre, Rodney A. John. Downers Grove: Intervarsity Press, 1999.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

Rd  Ridderbos, Herman. The Gospel According to John, A Theological Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

TRT  Carlton, Matthew E. The Translator’s Reference Translation of the Gospel of John. Dallas: SIL International, 2003.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

EGT  Dods, Marcus. The Gospel of John. The Expositor’s Greek Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1967.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

BECNT  Köstenberger, Andreas J. John. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2004.

CAR  Carson, D. A. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

CH  Comfort, Phillip W. and Wendall C. Hawley. Opening the Gospel of John. Wheaton: Tyndale House Publishers, Inc., 1994.

EGT  Dods, Marcus. The Gospel of John. The Expositor’s Greek Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1967.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

IVP  Whitacre, Rodney A. John. Downers Grove: Intervarsity Press, 1999.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

TRT  Carlton, Matthew E. The Translator’s Reference Translation of the Gospel of John. Dallas: SIL International, 2003.

BECNT  Köstenberger, Andreas J. John. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2004.

IVP  Whitacre, Rodney A. John. Downers Grove: Intervarsity Press, 1999.

CH  Comfort, Phillip W. and Wendall C. Hawley. Opening the Gospel of John. Wheaton: Tyndale House Publishers, Inc., 1994.

CAR  Carson, D. A. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

EGT  Dods, Marcus. The Gospel of John. The Expositor’s Greek Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1967.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

Rd  Ridderbos, Herman. The Gospel According to John, A Theological Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

Rd  Ridderbos, Herman. The Gospel According to John, A Theological Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

BECNT  Köstenberger, Andreas J. John. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2004.

CAR  Carson, D. A. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

CH  Comfort, Phillip W. and Wendall C. Hawley. Opening the Gospel of John. Wheaton: Tyndale House Publishers, Inc., 1994.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

IVP  Whitacre, Rodney A. John. Downers Grove: Intervarsity Press, 1999.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

BECNT  Köstenberger, Andreas J. John. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2004.

CAR  Carson, D. A. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

CH  Comfort, Phillip W. and Wendall C. Hawley. Opening the Gospel of John. Wheaton: Tyndale House Publishers, Inc., 1994.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

IVP  Whitacre, Rodney A. John. Downers Grove: Intervarsity Press, 1999.

Kn  Keener, Craig S. The Gospel of John, a Commentary, Vol. 1. Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrikson Publishers, 2003.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

BECNT  Köstenberger, Andreas J. John. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2004.

CAR  Carson, D. A. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

Rd  Ridderbos, Herman. The Gospel According to John, A Theological Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

NT  New Testament

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

EGT  Dods, Marcus. The Gospel of John. The Expositor’s Greek Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1967.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

EGT  Dods, Marcus. The Gospel of John. The Expositor’s Greek Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1967.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

imperf.  imperfect

act.  active

indic.  indicative

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

act.  active

indic.  indicative

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

act.  active

indic.  indicative

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

Kn  Keener, Craig S. The Gospel of John, a Commentary, Vol. 1. Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrikson Publishers, 2003.

Kn  Keener, Craig S. The Gospel of John, a Commentary, Vol. 1. Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrikson Publishers, 2003.

TRT  Carlton, Matthew E. The Translator’s Reference Translation of the Gospel of John. Dallas: SIL International, 2003.

BECNT  Köstenberger, Andreas J. John. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2004.

CAR  Carson, D. A. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

EGT  Dods, Marcus. The Gospel of John. The Expositor’s Greek Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1967.

GNT  The Greek New Testament. Edited by B. Aland, K. Aland, J. Karavidopoulos, C. Martini, and B. Metzger. 4^th ed. London, New York: United Bible Societies, 2001.

Kn  Keener, Craig S. The Gospel of John, a Commentary, Vol. 1. Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrikson Publishers, 2003.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

BECNT  Köstenberger, Andreas J. John. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2004.

CAR  Carson, D. A. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

GNT  The Greek New Testament. Edited by B. Aland, K. Aland, J. Karavidopoulos, C. Martini, and B. Metzger. 4^th ed. London, New York: United Bible Societies, 2001.

Kn  Keener, Craig S. The Gospel of John, a Commentary, Vol. 1. Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrikson Publishers, 2003.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

EGT  Dods, Marcus. The Gospel of John. The Expositor’s Greek Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1967.

GNT  The Greek New Testament. Edited by B. Aland, K. Aland, J. Karavidopoulos, C. Martini, and B. Metzger. 4^th ed. London, New York: United Bible Societies, 2001.

act.  active

indic.  indicative

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BECNT  Köstenberger, Andreas J. John. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2004.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

CAR  Carson, D. A. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

EGT  Dods, Marcus. The Gospel of John. The Expositor’s Greek Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1967.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

TRT  Carlton, Matthew E. The Translator’s Reference Translation of the Gospel of John. Dallas: SIL International, 2003.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

EGT  Dods, Marcus. The Gospel of John. The Expositor’s Greek Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1967.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

BECNT  Köstenberger, Andreas J. John. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2004.

CAR  Carson, D. A. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

CAR  Carson, D. A. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

BECNT  Köstenberger, Andreas J. John. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2004.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

TRT  Carlton, Matthew E. The Translator’s Reference Translation of the Gospel of John. Dallas: SIL International, 2003.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

perf.  perfect

pass.  passive

indic.  indicative

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NT  New Testament

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

BECNT  Köstenberger, Andreas J. John. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2004.

CAR  Carson, D. A. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

Rd  Ridderbos, Herman. The Gospel According to John, A Theological Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

TRT  Carlton, Matthew E. The Translator’s Reference Translation of the Gospel of John. Dallas: SIL International, 2003.

CAR  Carson, D. A. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

CH  Comfort, Phillip W. and Wendall C. Hawley. Opening the Gospel of John. Wheaton: Tyndale House Publishers, Inc., 1994.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

TRT  Carlton, Matthew E. The Translator’s Reference Translation of the Gospel of John. Dallas: SIL International, 2003.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

EGT  Dods, Marcus. The Gospel of John. The Expositor’s Greek Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1967.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

TRT  Carlton, Matthew E. The Translator’s Reference Translation of the Gospel of John. Dallas: SIL International, 2003.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

BECNT  Köstenberger, Andreas J. John. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2004.

EGT  Dods, Marcus. The Gospel of John. The Expositor’s Greek Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1967.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

Rd  Ridderbos, Herman. The Gospel According to John, A Theological Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

CAR  Carson, D. A. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

IVP  Whitacre, Rodney A. John. Downers Grove: Intervarsity Press, 1999.

Rd  Ridderbos, Herman. The Gospel According to John, A Theological Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

EGT  Dods, Marcus. The Gospel of John. The Expositor’s Greek Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1967.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

IVP  Whitacre, Rodney A. John. Downers Grove: Intervarsity Press, 1999.

Rd  Ridderbos, Herman. The Gospel According to John, A Theological Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

Rd  Ridderbos, Herman. The Gospel According to John, A Theological Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

Rd  Ridderbos, Herman. The Gospel According to John, A Theological Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

Rd  Ridderbos, Herman. The Gospel According to John, A Theological Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

Rd  Ridderbos, Herman. The Gospel According to John, A Theological Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

TRT  Carlton, Matthew E. The Translator’s Reference Translation of the Gospel of John. Dallas: SIL International, 2003.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

pres.  present

act.  active

subj.  subjunctive

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

Rd  Ridderbos, Herman. The Gospel According to John, A Theological Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

Rd  Ridderbos, Herman. The Gospel According to John, A Theological Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

act.  active

subj.  subjunctive

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

Rd  Ridderbos, Herman. The Gospel According to John, A Theological Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

TRT  Carlton, Matthew E. The Translator’s Reference Translation of the Gospel of John. Dallas: SIL International, 2003.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

BECNT  Köstenberger, Andreas J. John. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2004.

Rd  Ridderbos, Herman. The Gospel According to John, A Theological Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

TRT  Carlton, Matthew E. The Translator’s Reference Translation of the Gospel of John. Dallas: SIL International, 2003.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

CAR  Carson, D. A. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

BECNT  Köstenberger, Andreas J. John. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2004.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

Rd  Ridderbos, Herman. The Gospel According to John, A Theological Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

TRT  Carlton, Matthew E. The Translator’s Reference Translation of the Gospel of John. Dallas: SIL International, 2003.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

Kn  Keener, Craig S. The Gospel of John, a Commentary, Vol. 1. Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrikson Publishers, 2003.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

EGT  Dods, Marcus. The Gospel of John. The Expositor’s Greek Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1967.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

ICC  Bernhard, J. H. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. John. The International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1928.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

GNT  The Greek New Testament. Edited by B. Aland, K. Aland, J. Karavidopoulos, C. Martini, and B. Metzger. 4^th ed. London, New York: United Bible Societies, 2001.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

Rd  Ridderbos, Herman. The Gospel According to John, A Theological Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

act.  active

impera.  imperative

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

Rd  Ridderbos, Herman. The Gospel According to John, A Theological Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

pres.  present

pass.  passive

indic.  indicative

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

BAGD  Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and adapted from the 5^th ed., 1958 by William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 2^nd English ed. revised and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

CAR  Carson, D. A. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

EGT  Dods, Marcus. The Gospel of John. The Expositor’s Greek Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1967.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

BECNT  Köstenberger, Andreas J. John. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2004.

Rd  Ridderbos, Herman. The Gospel According to John, A Theological Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

Rd  Ridderbos, Herman. The Gospel According to John, A Theological Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

TRT  Carlton, Matthew E. The Translator’s Reference Translation of the Gospel of John. Dallas: SIL International, 2003.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

TRT  Carlton, Matthew E. The Translator’s Reference Translation of the Gospel of John. Dallas: SIL International, 2003.

EGT  Dods, Marcus. The Gospel of John. The Expositor’s Greek Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1967.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

TRT  Carlton, Matthew E. The Translator’s Reference Translation of the Gospel of John. Dallas: SIL International, 2003.

LN  Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.

BECNT  Köstenberger, Andreas J. John. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2004.

CAR  Carson, D. A. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

NICNT1  Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

CH  Comfort, Phillip W. and Wendall C. Hawley. Opening the Gospel of John. Wheaton: Tyndale House Publishers, Inc., 1994.

BECNT  Köstenberger, Andreas J. John. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2004.

BAR  Barrett, C. K. The Gospel According to John. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1978.

CAR  Carson, D. A. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

CH  Comfort, Phillip W. and Wendall C. Hawley. Opening the Gospel of John. Wheaton: Tyndale House Publishers, Inc., 1994.

My  Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Critical and Exegetical Hand-book to the Gospel of John. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1985.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

Lns  Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1943.

TRT  Carlton, Matthew E. The Translator’s Reference Translation of the Gospel of John. Dallas: SIL International, 2003.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

BECNT  Köstenberger, Andreas J. John. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2004.

CAR  Carson, D. A. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

GNT  The Greek New Testament. Edited by B. Aland, K. Aland, J. Karavidopoulos, C. Martini, and B. Metzger. 4^th ed. London, New York: United Bible Societies, 2001.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

Kn  Keener, Craig S. The Gospel of John, a Commentary, Vol. 1. Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrikson Publishers, 2003.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

Rd  Ridderbos, Herman. The Gospel According to John, A Theological Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

Rd  Ridderbos, Herman. The Gospel According to John, A Theological Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

BECNT  Köstenberger, Andreas J. John. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2004.

CAR  Carson, D. A. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

GNT  The Greek New Testament. Edited by B. Aland, K. Aland, J. Karavidopoulos, C. Martini, and B. Metzger. 4^th ed. London, New York: United Bible Societies, 2001.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

Kn  Keener, Craig S. The Gospel of John, a Commentary, Vol. 1. Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrikson Publishers, 2003.

GNT  The Greek New Testament. Edited by B. Aland, K. Aland, J. Karavidopoulos, C. Martini, and B. Metzger. 4^th ed. London, New York: United Bible Societies, 2001.

REB  The Revised English Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1989.

Gdt  Godet, Frederick Louis. Commentary on the Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970.

HTC  Schnackenburg, Rudolf. The Gospel According to St John, Vol. 1. Montreal: Palm Publishers, 1968.

NTC  Hendriksen, William. The Gospel of John. London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1954.

WBC  Beasley-Murray. John. Word Biblical Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999.

CEV  The Holy Bible, Contemporary English Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1995.

KJV  The Holy Bible. Authorized (or King James) Version. 1611.

NJB  The New Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1985.

Ph  Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1960.

AB  Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John, (i–xii). The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.

NICNT2  Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

TRT  Carlton, Matthew E. The Translator’s Reference Translation of the Gospel of John. Dallas: SIL International, 2003.

NASB  The New American Standard Bible. La Habra, California: Lockman Foundation, 1995.

NCV  New Century Bible. Dallas: Word Publishing, 1991.

NET  The NET Bible, New English Translation. Version 6r,715, Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

NRSV  The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

NIV  The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

NLT  The Holy Bible, New Living Translation. Second edition. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House, 2006.

TEV  Good News Bible, Today’s English Version. Second ed. New York: American Bible Society, 1992.

TH  Newman, Barclay M. and Eugene A. Nida. A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of John. New York: United Bible Societies, 1980.

Ronald Trail, An Exegetical Summary of John 1–9, Exegetical Summaries (Dallas, TX: SIL International, 2013).

Exported from Logos Bible Study, 5:11 PM November 14, 2024.